Raha syrup attenuates the morphine withdrawal-induced locomotor sensitisation by increasing the cerebrospinal fluid serotonin in rats receiving the opium tincture maintenance treatment.

Morphine withdrawal increases locomotor sensitisation, relapse and impair regulation of serotonin system. We evaluated the effectiveness of Raha syrup on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serotonin levels following locomotor sensitisation in morphine-withdrawn rats receiving the opium tincture (OT). Morphine withdrawal rats gavaged daily with OT and Raha syrup (for 30 days) and then challenged with morphine and evaluated for locomotor activity and CSF serotonin levels before morphine challenge and 2 weeks after cessation of treatment.

Prophylactic effect of intranasal oxytocin on brain damage and neurological disorders in global cerebral ischemia in mice.

Objectives: A few experimental studies have shown the therapeutic effects of oxytocin on focal cerebral ischemia. In this study, the prophylactic effect of intranasal oxytocin on brain damage was investigated in a cerebral ischemic model.

Materials And Methods: Intranasal oxytocin (8 IU/per mouse) was prescribed daily for one week.

Oxytocin Reduces Brain Injury and Maintains Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity After Ischemic Stroke in Mice.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of different doses of oxytocin (OXT) on neuronal injury, spatial memory, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and to explore possible underlying molecular mechanisms in the early stage of stroke in mice. Stroke model was generated by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 min and 24 h reperfusion in mice. OXT at doses of 1, 2, 4 and 8 IU/per mouse was administrated intranasally at the beginning of brain ischemia.

Na/K-ATPase α isoform deficiency results in distinct spreading depolarization phenotypes.

Compromised Na/K-ATPase function is associated with the occurrence of spreading depolarization (SD). Mutations in ATP1A2, the gene encoding the α2 isoform of the Na/K-ATPase, were identified in patients with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2), a Mendelian model disease for SD. This suggests a distinct role for the α2 isoform in modulating SD susceptibility and raises questions about underlying mechanisms including the roles of other Na/K-ATPase α isoforms.

Effects of treadmill exercise on methadone withdrawal-induced locomotor sensitization and the ventral pallidum and ventral tegmental area BDNF levels in morphine withdrawn rats receiving methadone maintenance treatment.

This study examined the effects of treadmill exercise on the methadone withdrawal -induced locomotor sensitization, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and ventral pallidum (VP) BDNF levels in morphine withdrawn rats receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The rats were chronically treated with bi-daily doses (10 mg/kg, at 12 h intervals) of morphine for 14 days. The exercising rats receiving MMT were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 days during morphine withdrawal.

Treadmill exercise attenuates the severity of physical dependence, anxiety, depressive-like behavior and voluntary morphine consumption in morphine withdrawn rats receiving methadone maintenance treatment.

This study was designed to examine whether treadmill exercise would attenuate the severity of physical dependence, methadone-induced anxiety, depression and voluntary morphine consumption in morphine withdrawn rats receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The rats were chronically treated with bi-daily doses (10 mg/kg, at 12 h intervals) of morphine for 14 days. The exercising rats receiving MMT were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 days during morphine withdrawal.

Lavandula Reduces Heart Injury via Attenuating Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Oxidative Stress in A Rat Model of Infarct-Like Myocardial Injury.

Objective: Lavender is used in herbal medicine for different therapeutic purposes. Nonetheless, potential therapeutic effects of this plant in ischemic heart disease and its possible mechanisms remain to be investigated.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, lavender oil at doses of 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg was administered through gastric gavage for 14 days before infarct-like myocardial injury (MI).

The Effect of Oral Consumption of Probiotics in Prevention of Heart Injury in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model: a Histopathological, Hemodynamic and Biochemical Evaluation.

Background: Despite the emerging evidence on beneficial effects of probiotics on the cardiovascular system, their impact on the management of ischemic heart diseases and its possible mechanism have not been elucidated.

Methods: Four viable probiotics bacterial strains, including Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilus, at the concentrations of 2×106 colony-forming units/ml were orally administered to the rats daily for 14 days before the induction of infarct-like myocardial injury using isoproterenol. Subsequently, 24 h after myocardial injury, the right carotid artery and the left ventricle were catheterized for recording blood pressure and cardiac parameters.

Dietary saffron reduced the blood pressure and prevented remodeling of the aorta in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nutritional saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma hydroalcoholic extract on blood pressure (BP) and histology of the aorta in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

Materials And Methods: Saffron (200 mg/kg/day) was given orally for 5 weeks to normotensive and hypertensive rats.

Effect of central microinjection of carbenoxolone in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia.

Previous experimental studies have shown the protective effects of CBX on brain ischemic injures in global and in vitro models of ischemia. However, effects of CBX in temporary model of focal cerebral ischemia are not clear. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of central microinjection of CBX on post-ischemic reperfusion injuries in a temporary model of focal cerebral ischemia.

Peripheral administration of carbenoxolone reduces ischemic reperfusion injury in transient model of cerebral ischemia.

Carbenoxolone (CBX) has a neuroprotective effect in experimental models of brain ischemia and trauma. However, systemic effect of CBX on ischemic reperfusion injuries has not been investigated in a temporary model of focal cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into control and CBX-treated (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) groups.

Effect of aminoguanidine on post-ischemic damage in rodent model of stroke.

A number of studies have shown that aminoguanidine (AG) has neuroprotective effect in chronic phase of cerebral ischemia. However, dose dependent effects of AG on acute phase of ischemic-reperfusion injuries, as well as neurological dysfunctions are not completely clear. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by 60 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 23 h reperfusion.

Post-ischemic treatment of pentoxifylline reduces cortical not striatal infarct volume in transient model of focal cerebral ischemia in rat.

Previous studies reported that pentoxifylline (PTX) have a neuroprotective effect in the brain trauma and the global cerebral ischemia in the experimental models. However, the effect of PTX in transient model of focal cerebral ischemia has not been investigated yet. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of post-ischemic treatment of PTX on ischemic injuries in focal cerebral ischemic.

Interaction of adenosine and naloxone on regional cerebral blood flow in morphine-dependent rats.

The present research aimed at investigating the opioid-adenosine interaction on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Therefore rCBF in the sensory cortex of morphine-naive and -dependent rats was measured using the laser-Doppler flowmetry technique. The results showed that adenosine (10(-5), 10(-4), 10(-3) M) significantly increased rCBF in morphine-dependent rats (MDR) (P < 0.