Double superior vena cava incidentally found during permanent catheter placement: A case report and literature review.

A devastating admission to a tertiary hospital intensive care unit led to the discovery of a case of congenital duplicated superior vena cava (DSVC). Following the insertion of a temporary left internal jugular vein catheter, a subsequent chest X-ray indicated that the left catheter was not reaching the right heart. This resulted in a chest computed tomography scan with contrast, which confirmed the diagnosis of DSVC.

The Association Between Cholecystectomy and Colorectal Cancer in the Female Gender.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has been of great interest among researchers, and multiple causes have been proposed and accepted; however, cholecystectomy (CMY) as a potential cause for CRC, particularly in the female gender has not been studied in detail, despite multiple evidence suggesting a positive association. This review is directed at investigating the association between CMY and CRC in the female gender and aims at finding a potential cause for this association. CRC involves cancer of the sigmoid and rectum.

Cardiomyopathy in Sickle Cell Disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder that occurs due to point mutation in the beta-globin chain resulting in the production of hemoglobin S that tends to become rigid and sickle-shaped under low oxygen concentration. These sickle-shaped red blood cells (RBCs) obstruct the blood vessels leading to reduced blood flow to the organs, causing ischemia and tissue fibrosis. These sickle RBCs being abnormal in shape are frequently sequestered by the spleen, creating a state of chronic anemia in the body.