Utilising Hyperspectral Autofluorescence Imaging in the Objective Assessment of Disease State and Pain in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in joint swelling and pain. Treatment options can be reliant on disease activity scores (DAS) incorporating patient global assessments, which are quantified via visual analogue scales (VAS). VAS can be subjective and not necessarily align with clinical symptoms, such as inflammation, resulting in a disconnect between the patient's and practitioners' experience.

Transforming agri-food value chains in Bangladesh: A practical application of blockchain for traceability and fair pricing.

The agricultural sector is a vital component of Bangladesh's economy, but its agri-food supply chain faces signifi-cant inefficiencies primarily due to the involvement of numerous intermediaries. This complexity not only reduces the profits for farmers but also affects the overall transparency and efficiency of the supply chain. This study aims to em-ploy blockchain technology to transform the traditional agri-food supply chain in Bangladesh, focusing on increasing transparency, enhancing efficiency, and improving profitability for farmers, thus potentially bolstering the entire agri-food ecosystem in the country.

Multispectral Imaging of Collagen, NAD(P)H and Flavin Autofluorescence in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Undergoing Trilineage Differentiation.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of differentiation is important for regenerative medicine and developmental biology. This study aims to characterise the role of the glycolysis/oxidative phosphorylation balance as a driver of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Cells were maintained in normal conditions or stimulated towards the MSC trilineage cell types over 21 days.

Pair-EGRET: enhancing the prediction of protein-protein interaction sites through graph attention networks and protein language models.

Motivation: Proteins are responsible for most biological functions, many of which require the interaction of more than one protein molecule. However, accurately predicting protein-protein interaction (PPI) sites (the interfacial residues of a protein that interact with other protein molecules) remains a challenge. The growing demand and cost associated with the reliable identification of PPI sites using conventional experimental methods call for computational tools for automated prediction and understanding of PPIs.

Single cell, Label free Characterisation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal cell Stemness and Future Growth Potential by Autofluorescence Multispectral Imaging.

Aim: To use autofluorescence multispectral imaging (AFMI) to develop a non-invasive assay for the in-depth characterisation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs).

Methods: hBM-MSCs were imaged by AFMI on gridded dishes, stained for endpoints of interest (STRO-1 positivity, alkaline phosphatase, beta galactosidase, DNA content) then relocated and results correlated. Intensity, texture and morphological features were used to characterise the colour distribution of regions of interest, and canonical discriminant analysis was used to separate groups.

A systematic review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plants extract and their bio-medical applications.

Nanoparticles have recently become considered as a crucial player in contemporary medicine, with therapeutic uses ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for the transport of drugs and genes into a specific target. Nanoparticles have the ability to have more precise molecular interactions with the human body in order to target specific cells and tissues with minimal adverse effects and maximal therapeutic outcomes. With the least number of side effects and the greatest possible therapeutic benefit, nanoparticles can target particular cells and tissues through more precise molecular interactions with the human body.

Interaction between gastric enzyme pepsin and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide in presence of sodium electrolytes: Exploration of micellization behavior.

Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme used in the treatment of digestive disorders. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of the tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and pepsin protein mixture in various sodium salt media within a temperature range of 300.55-320.

Physicochemical parameters and modes of interaction associated with the micelle formation of a mixture of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide and cefixime trihydrate: effects of hydrotropes and temperature.

The interaction between an antibiotic drug (cefixime trihydrate (CMT)) and a cationic surfactant (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB)) was examined in the presence of both ionic and non-ionic hydrotropes (HTs) over the temperature range of 300.55 to 320.55 K.

Pancreatic Islet Viability Assessment Using Hyperspectral Imaging of Autofluorescence.

Islets prepared for transplantation into type 1 diabetes patients are exposed to compromising intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to early graft failure, necessitating repeated islet infusions for clinical insulin independence. A lack of reliable pre-transplant measures to determine islet viability severely limits the success of islet transplantation and will limit future beta cell replacement strategies. We applied hyperspectral fluorescent microscopy to determine whether we could non-invasively detect islet damage induced by oxidative stress, hypoxia, cytokine injury, and warm ischaemia, and so predict transplant outcomes in a mouse model.

Investigation of the impacts of simple electrolytes and hydrotrope on the interaction of ceftriaxone sodium with cetylpyridinium chloride at numerous study temperatures.

Herein, interactions between cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and ceftriaxone sodium (CTS) were investigated applying conductivity technique. Impacts of the nature of additives (e.g.

Emerging clinical applications in oncology for non-invasive multi- and hyperspectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence.

Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence is an emerging technology in which fluorescence imaging is applied to biological materials across multiple spectral channels. This produces a stack of images where each matched pixel contains information about the sample's spectral properties at that location. This allows precise collection of molecularly specific data from a broad range of native fluorophores.

SAINT-Angle: self-attention augmented inception-inside-inception network and transfer learning improve protein backbone torsion angle prediction.

Motivation: Protein structure provides insight into how proteins interact with one another as well as their functions in living organisms. Protein backbone torsion angles ( and ) prediction is a key sub-problem in predicting protein structures. However, reliable determination of backbone torsion angles using conventional experimental methods is slow and expensive.

Automated pancreatic islet viability assessment for transplantation using bright-field deep morphological signature.

Islets transplanted for type-1 diabetes have their viability reduced by warm ischemia, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG; hypoxia model), oxidative stress and cytokine injury. This results in frequent transplant failures and the major burden of patients having to undergo multiple rounds of treatment for insulin independence. Presently there is no reliable measure to assess islet preparation viability prior to clinical transplantation.

Clinical applications of non-invasive multi and hyperspectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence beyond oncology.

Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence employs fluorescence imaging, without exogenous fluorophores, across multiple excitation/emission combinations (spectral channels). This produces an image stack where each pixel (matched by location) contains unique information about the sample's spectral properties. Analysis of this data enables access to a rich, molecularly specific data set from a broad range of cell-native fluorophores (autofluorophores) directly reflective of biochemical status, without use of fixation or stains.

Quartet Based Gene Tree Imputation Using Deep Learning Improves Phylogenomic Analyses Despite Missing Data.

Species tree estimation is frequently based on phylogenomic approaches that use multiple genes from throughout the genome. However, for a combination of reasons (ranging from sampling biases to more biological causes, as in gene birth and loss), gene trees are often incomplete, meaning that not all species of interest have a common set of genes. Incomplete gene trees can potentially impact the accuracy of phylogenomic inference.

Unique Deep Radiomic Signature Shows NMN Treatment Reverses Morphology of Oocytes from Aged Mice.

The purpose of this study is to develop a deep radiomic signature based on an artificial intelligence (AI) model. This radiomic signature identifies oocyte morphological changes corresponding to reproductive aging in bright field images captured by optical light microscopy. Oocytes were collected from three mice groups: young (4- to 5-week-old) C57BL/6J female mice, aged (12-month-old) mice, and aged mice treated with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a treatment recently shown to rejuvenate aspects of fertility in aged mice.

Pterygium and Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: Optical Biopsy Using a Novel Autofluorescence Multispectral Imaging Technique.

In this study, differentiation of pterygium vs. ocular surface squamous neoplasia based on multispectral autofluorescence imaging technique was investigated. Fifty (N = 50) patients with histopathological diagnosis of pterygium (PTG) and/or ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) were recruited.

phytochemdb: a platform for virtual screening and computer-aided drug designing.

The phytochemicals of medicinal plants are regarded as a rich source of diverse chemical spaces that have been used as supplements and alternative medicines in the millennium. Even in this era of combinatorial chemical drugs, phytomedicines account for a large share of the statistics of newly approved drugs. In the field of computational aided and rational drug design, there is an urgent need to develop and build a useful phytochemical database management system with a user-friendly interface that allows proper data storage, retrieval and management.

Multispectral autofluorescence characteristics of reproductive aging in old and young mouse oocytes.

Increasing age has a major detrimental impact on female fertility, which, with an ageing population, has major sociological implications. This impact is primarily mediated through deteriorating quality of the oocyte. Deteriorating oocyte quality with biological age is the greatest rate-limiting factor to female fertility.

EGRET: edge aggregated graph attention networks and transfer learning improve protein-protein interaction site prediction.

Motivation: Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to most biological processes. However, reliable identification of PPI sites using conventional experimental methods is slow and expensive. Therefore, great efforts are being put into computational methods to identify PPI sites.

Routine Exposure Versus Non-Exposure of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Thyroid Surgery: Our Experience of 300 Cases.

The technique of thyroidectomy has been in evolution for many years. It is a basic rule of surgery that an important structure of a human body must be recognized certainly during the surgical procedure in order to prevent its damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our routine identification and without identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy aiming to lessen the inadvertent injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Non-invasive, label-free optical analysis to detect aneuploidy within the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo.

Study Question: Can label-free, non-invasive optical imaging by hyperspectral autofluorescence microscopy discern between euploid and aneuploid cells within the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse preimplantation embryo?

Summary Answer: Hyperspectral autofluorescence microscopy enables discrimination between euploid and aneuploid ICM in mouse embryos.

What Is Known Already: Euploid/aneuploid mosaicism affects up to 17.3% of human blastocyst embryos with trophectoderm biopsy or spent media currently utilized to diagnose aneuploidy and mosaicism in clinical in vitro fertilization.