Pifithrin-µ Induces Stress Granule Formation, Regulates Cell Survival, and Rewires Cellular Signaling.

(1) Background: Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic protein-RNA condensates that assemble in response to various insults. SG production is driven by signaling pathways that are relevant to human disease. Compounds that modulate SG characteristics are therefore of clinical interest.

Comparison of Surgeons' Assessment of the Extent of Vestibular Schwannoma Resection with Immediate Post Operative and Follow-Up Volumetric MRI Analysis.

(1) Background: Incomplete excision of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) is sometimes preferable for facial nerve preservation. On the other hand, subtotal resection may be associated with higher tumor recurrence. We evaluated the correlation between intra-operative assessment of residual tumor and early and follow-up imaging.

Content Validity of a High-Fidelity Surgical Middle Ear Simulator: A Randomized Prospective International Multicenter Trial.

Objective: After demonstration of face validity of a surgical middle ear simulator (SMS) previously, we assessed the content validity of the simulator with otolaryngology residents.

Study Design: Multicenter randomized prospective international study.

Setting: Four academic institutions.

Facile synthesis of spongy NiCoO powders for lithium-ion storage.

Spongy NiCoO powders were prepared by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method for lithium ions storage. The effects of combustion parameters including fuel type (L-lysine, glycine, and urea) and fuel amount on the lithium storage performance of NiCoO powders were analyzed by various characterization techniques. Single-phase NiCoO powders with extremely porous microstructure showed a strong drop of initial specific capacity up to 350 mAhg which was recovered up to 666 mAhg following 100 charge/discharge cycles.

Hypercoagulability in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery.

Objective: Patients with vestibular schwannoma who harbor a genetic predisposition for venous thromboembolism require special consideration when determining optimal therapeutic management. The primary objective of the current study was to provide recommendations on treatment of hypercoagulable patients with vestibular schwannoma through a case series and review of the literature.

Patients: Two patients who underwent resection of vestibular schwannomas.

Options and strategies for hearing restoration in pediatric neurofibromatosis type 2.

Purpose: In this article, we will review the mechanisms and natural history of hearing loss in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and discuss the hearing outcomes with different rehabilitation options.

Methods: Review of the published literature.

Results: NF2 is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by vestibular schwannomas and other intracranial and spinal tumors.

The Co-Chaperone HspBP1 Is a Novel Component of Stress Granules that Regulates Their Formation.

The co-chaperone HspBP1 interacts with members of the hsp70 family, but also provides chaperone-independent functions. We report here novel biological properties of HspBP1 that are relevant to the formation of cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs). SG assembly is a conserved reaction to environmental or pathological insults and part of the cellular stress response.

False-Positive Cholesteatomas on Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objectives: To investigate false-positive findings on non-echoplanar (non-EPI) diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in patients under surveillance post-cholesteatoma surgery.

Study Design, Setting, Subjects, And Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients diagnosed with cholesteatoma who underwent surgical resection and were then followed by serial non-EPI DWI using half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence. All patients had at least two annual follow-up imaging studies.

Visual and Endocrine Recovery Following Conservative and Surgical Treatment of Pituitary Apoplexy: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) can manifest with visual and endocrine defects. The literature lacks strong support for either surgical or conservative management with respect to symptomatic improvement of these deficits. This meta-analysis compared visual and endocrine outcomes in conservative and surgical treatment of PA.

Vision Outcomes in Early versus Late Surgical Intervention of Pituitary Apoplexy: Meta-Analysis.

Background: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is defined by hemorrhage and necrosis of the pituitary gland, often acute in onset, and frequently in the setting of an existing pituitary adenoma. Our objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of the available literature on vision outcomes following surgical intervention for PA on the basis of the timing from apoplexy to surgery (ATS).

Methods: A thorough literature search of the published English-language literature was performed in PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases using the key words ("pituitary apoplexy") and ("surgery" or "vision") from database inception to August 2018 was conducted.

Hearing Difficulty and Risk of Mortality.

Objective: Investigate whether hearing difficulty has an influence on the risk of mortality.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of individuals 18 years or older with data available for hearing and mortality status was selected from the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) 2005-2009. Self-perceived hearing status was regrouped as excellent/good, a little to moderate trouble, a lot of trouble, and deaf.

Factors Influencing Access to Cochlear Implantation in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children in Southern California.

Objective: To determine the epidemiologic relationship of family demographics and educational resources with parental knowledge of and willingness for their children to receive cochlear implantation (CI) for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children.

Methods: A total of 213 parents of DHH children were surveyed at local schools, specialized camps, and clinics in Southern California. Data on parents were solicited, including income, insurance status, education level, hearing status, primary language, and motivations towards CI.

Self-reported Hearing Difficulty and Risk of Accidental Injury in US Adults, 2007 to 2015.

Importance: Accidental injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Hearing problems may be associated with an increased risk for such injuries.

Objective: To investigate associations between hearing difficulty and risk of accidental injuries among US adults.

Radiosurgery of Glomus Tumors of Temporal Bone: a Meta-analysis.

Objective: 1) Perform a meta-analysis of the available data on the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of temporal bone glomus tumors (GT), and 2) evaluate the collective outcomes of SRS treatment with respect to tumor control.

Data Sources: A thorough literature search of the published English-language literature from 2011 to 2016 was performed in PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases using the keywords ("Gamma Knife" or "CyberKnife" or "linear accelerator" or "radiosurgery") and ("glomus jugulare" or "jugular paraganglioma" or "glomus tympanicum").

Study Selection: Studies reporting outcomes of SRS for temporal bone GT were included.

Migraine-Related Aural Fullness: A Potential Clinical Entity.

In this case series, we set out to describe the clinical entity of isolated, prolonged aural fullness (AF) and its relationship with migraine. Patients with isolated, persistent AF for 6 months or more were included with all possible etiologies ruled out. Migraine dietary and lifestyle changes and medical migraine prophylactic therapy were prescribed to all.

Prevalence, Characteristics, and Treatment Patterns of Hearing Difficulty in the United States.

Importance: Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in the United States and has been associated with negative physical, social, cognitive, economic, and emotional consequences. Despite the high prevalence of hearing loss, substantial gaps in the utilization of amplification options, including hearing aids and cochlear implants (CI), have been identified.

Objective: To investigate the contemporary prevalence, characteristics, and patterns of specialty referral, evaluation, and treatment of hearing difficulty among adults in the United States.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean-contaminated head and neck cases with microvascular free flap reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Optimal antibiotic prophylaxis duration in head and neck clean-contaminated free-flap cases is unknown.

Methods: A systematic review/meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web-of-Science, and Scopus databases.

Results: Of the 3755 searched articles, 5 articles were included for a total of 861 patients.

Resolution of Persistent Post-Stapedotomy Vertigo With Migraine Prophylactic Medication.

Objective: To describe persistent post-stapedotomy vertigo (PSV) and its treatment using migraine prophylaxis.

Patients: A retrospective review of all patients with persistent PSV spanning 10 years at a tertiary academic hospital was performed. Patients who experienced persistent vertigo for a minimum of 3 months after surgery were included.

Vertigo in Vestibular Schwannoma Patients Due to Other Pathologies.

Objective: To report findings from a cohort of vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients presenting with vertigo from a secondary comorbid vestibular disorder; and to discuss management strategies for this subset of patients presenting with both episodic vertigo and VS.

Patients: All VS patients who presented with vertigo as the primary symptom from 2012 to 2015 and endorsing no other major complaints were examined.

Intervention: Treatment with migraine lifestyle and prophylactic therapy, or Epley maneuver.

Customized Versus Noncustomized Sound Therapy for Treatment of Tinnitus: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of a customized sound therapy and compare its effectiveness to that of masking with broadband noise.

Methods: Subjects were randomized to receive either customized sound therapy or broadband noise for 2 hours per day for 3 months and then switched to the other treatment after a washout period. The outcome variables were tinnitus loudness (scored 0-10), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), minimum masking levels (MML), and residual inhibition (RI).

Tinnitus Patients Suffering from Anxiety and Depression: A Review.

Objectives: To review literature on the link between depression and anxiety in patients suffering from tinnitus.

Method: A systematic review of published English-language literature was performed using PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases.

Results: Of the 56 eligible abstracts 15 were chosen to be included in the review.

Membranectomy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Initial management strategies of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) are controversial and range from bedside twist-drill or burr-hole drainage to craniotomy with membranectomy (CWM). We aim to 1) perform a meta-analysis of the available data on the outcomes of CWM for treatment of cSDH in published English-language literature and 2) evaluate collective outcomes of CWM with respect to morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rates.

Methods: A search of English-language literature performed in PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases using key words ("subdural hematoma" or "chronic subdural hematoma") and ("membrane" or "membranectomy") from inception to December 2016 was conducted.