Unraveling the role of the IL-20 cytokine family in neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic insights.

The IL-20 cytokine family, comprising IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26, has emerged as a critical player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases due to its multiple roles in inflammation, tissue repair, and immune modulation. These cytokines signal through IL-20 receptor complexes (IL-20RA/IL-20RB and IL-22RA1/IL-20RB), triggering diverse immune processes. Recent evidence highlights their significant contributions to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in central nervous system disorders.

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) pathway's role in cancer cell plasticity and drug resistance.

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is a central regulator of gene expression via the trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27. This epigenetic modification plays a crucial role in maintaining cell identity and controlling differentiation, while its dysregulation is closely linked to cancer progression. PRC2 silences tumor suppressor genes, promoting cell proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cell plasticity.

The role of IL-2 cytokine family in asthma.

Background: The interleukin-2 (IL-2) family of cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, are pivotal regulators of the immune response, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding their molecular characteristics, receptor interactions, and signalling pathways is essential for elucidating their roles in health and disease.

Objectives: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the IL-2 family of cytokines, highlighting their molecular biology, receptor interactions, and signalling mechanisms.