Serum Levels of Vitamin D, Retinol and Zinc in Relation to overweight among Toddlers: Findings from a National Study in Iran.

Background: Some studies have examined the association between micronutrient deficiencies and overweight in children, but data in this regard are conflicting. This study was done to investigate the association between serum levels of vitamin D, A and zinc with overweight in a large sample of Iranian toddlers.

Methods: A total of 4261 toddlers, aged 15-23 months, who had an Iranian birth certificate and attended primary health care, were included in the current cross-sectional study.

Second National Integrated Micronutrient Survey in Iran: Study Design and Preliminary Findings.

Background: The main objective of the Second National Integrated Micronutrient Survey (NIMS-II) was to assess the nutritional status of four micronutrients, namely iron, zinc, and vitamins A and D, and also to conduct an anthropometric assessment of selected groups of children, adolescents, pregnant women, and adults, disaggregated by sex and residential area in nationally representative samples. This paper reports the design of the study along with preliminary findings.

Methods: In this study, 32 770 individuals were selected by using single-stage cluster sampling.