Spatial autocorrelation with environmental factors related to tuberculosis prevalence in Nepal, 2020-2023.

Background: Despite global efforts to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence, Nepal remains burdened by approximately 70,000 new cases annually, with an incidence rate of 229 per 100,000 people in 2022. This study investigated the geographic patterns of TB notifications in Nepal from fiscal year 2020 to 2023, focusing on environmental determinants such as land surface temperature (LST), urbanization, precipitation and cropland coverage.

Methods: This study examined the spatial association between environmental factors and TB prevalence in Nepal at the district level, utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) and spatial regression analyses.

Proteomic and functional characterisation of Trimeresurus popeiorum (Pope's pit viper) venom proteins: Role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic venom toxins in envenomation pathophysiology.

Snakebite remains a significant public health issue in tropical regions, with 4.5 to 5.4 million incidents annually.

Healthcare performance of leprosy management in peripheral health facilities of Dhanusa and Mahottari, Nepal.

Background: The global elimination of leprosy transmission by 2030 is a World Health Organization (WHO) target. Nepal's leprosy elimination program depends on early case diagnosis and the performance of health workers and facilities. The knowledge and skills of paramedical staff (Leprosy Focal Person, LFP) and case documentation and management by health facilities are therefore key to the performance of health care services.

Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Nepal: A case control study.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare, highly fatal disease with diagnosis in advanced stage and low survival rate. Nepal ranked 4th position with highest rates of GBC for 10 countries in 2020.

Objective: To find the association between socio-demographic, behavioral and environmental factors associated with the development of GBC.

Cyclometalated Ir Complex Possessing Chiral MIC ligand: Regiospecific sp C-H Activation and Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketone.

Cyclometalation offers a wide number of organometallic metallacycles showing diverse applications. However, such NHC complexes synthesized via an sp C-H bond activation are rare. An iridium(III) complex with a chiral mesoionic N-heterocyclic carbene (MIC) ligand, where the Ir forms an additional Ir-C bond via a regiospecific sp C-H bond activation at the N-methylbenzyl wingtip, was synthesized and characterized.

A spatial autocorrelation analysis of road traffic accidents by severity using Moran's I spatial statistics: a study from Nepal 2019-2022.

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a significant global public health issue, leading to injuries, fatalities, and substantial economic losses. In Nepal, RTAs are a major concern, with notable regional variations in incidence and severity. This study analyzed the spatial distribution and types of road traffic injuries in Nepal from Fiscal Year (FY) 2019-2020 to 2021-2022, focusing on the impact of road types and geographic factors.

Nucleotide-mediated modulation of chemoselective protein functionalization in a liquid-like condensed phase.

Liquid-like protein condensates are ubiquitous in cellular system and are increasingly recognized for their roles in physiological processes. Condensed phase harbors distinctive chemical microenvironment, markedly different than dilute aqueous phase. Herein, we demonstrate chemoselective modification pattern of nucleophilic canonical amino acid sidechains (namely - cysteine, tyrosine and lysine) of the protein towards 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan in the dilute and condensed phase.

The future in diagnostic tools for TB outbreaks: A review of the approaches with focus on LAMP and RPA diagnostics tests.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the world caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Due to slow diagnostic and treatment options, the disease is a major concern for public health and also increases the burden on the global economy. Rapid, sensitive, and cheaper TB diagnosis test is urgent to lower their rates by point of care testing (POCT).

Hygiene practice and diarrhea prevalence among underfive children in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Over 1.7 billion instances of diarrheal illness in children are reported worldwide yearly. Diarrhea was a major cause of death in children, accounting for 9% of all global under-five child deaths in 2021.

Anti-CLL1 liposome loaded with miR-497-5p and venetoclax as a novel therapeutic strategy in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a lethal hematologic malignancy. Chemotherapy resistance results in a dismal survival rate of 1-2 years in older adults with AML. Therefore, novel therapies are urgently required.

Exploring the Link between Sleep Disorders and Ocular Health: A Comprehensive Clinical Study.

Background: Sleep disorders and ocular conditions are prevalent health concerns with significant impact on the quality of life. However, the relationship between them remains underexplored. Additionally, therapeutic interventions targeting both sleep and eye health are explored.

Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: Implications for Comprehensive Patient Care.

Background: Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases pose significant challenges to clinicians due to their diverse presentations and potential impact on vision. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for effective patient management and prevention of vision loss.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective clinical study, we investigated ocular manifestations in 50 patients with various systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.

Determinants of Overnutrition among Urban Adults in Yangon, Myanmar.

Background Over 1.9 billion adults who are 18 years old and older were overweight and more than 6.5 million adults were said to be obese.

Construction and validation of a novel multi-epitope in silico vaccine design against the paramyosin protein of Opisthorchis viverrini using immunoinformatics analyses.

Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) remains a significant but neglected health threat across Southeastern Asia. The early infective anabolic growth stage of O.

Development of a health literacy scale for COVID-19 prevention among pregnant women in Thailand.

COVID-19 infection among pregnant women results in more severe symptoms and higher mortality rates. No comprehensive health literacy for protection against COVID-19 among pregnant women has been available for general use in Thailand. This cross-sectional study aimed to develop and examine an instrument for measuring health literacy of prevention COVID-19 infection among pregnant women (HLS-P).

Epigenetic Biomarkers and the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Opisthorchis viverrini-associated Cholangiocarcinoma: A Scoping Review on Therapeutic Opportunities.

Background: Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are pivotal in regulating gene expression pathways related to inflammation and cancer. While there is substantial research on epigenetic markers in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), Opisthorchis viverrini-induced cholangiocarcinoma (Ov-CCA) is overlooked as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) with limited representation in the literature. Considering the distinct etiological agent, pathogenic mechanisms, and pathological manifestations, epigenetic research plays a pivotal role in uncovering markers and potential targets related to the cancer-promoting and morbidity-inducing liver fluke parasite prevalent in the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS).

Neurotrophin peptidomimetics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, play an essential role in the survival of neurons. However, incorporating better features can increase their therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Peptidomimetics, which mimic these neurotrophins, show potential for treating NDs.

A Multicenter Phase II Trial of Ruxolitinib for Treatment of Corticosteroid Refractory Sclerotic Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Purpose: Sclerotic chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) represents a highly morbid and refractory form of cGVHD, and novel therapies for sclerotic cGVHD are critically needed. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with corticosteroid refractory sclerotic cGVHD.

Patients And Methods: In a single-arm multicenter phase II trial (N = 47), adults with sclerotic cGVHD refractory to corticosteroids and ≥one additional line of systemic therapy for cGVHD received ruxolitinib for ≥six months (ClinicalTrials.

Synthesis of tetralone and indanone derivatives cascade reductive Friedel-Crafts alkylation/cyclization of keto acids/esters.

We disclose herein a metal-free cascade reductive Friedel-Crafts alkylation/cyclization of keto acids/esters for the synthesis of tetralones and indanones. Owing to the simple reaction conditions and setup, this protocol features broad substrate generality, facile scalability, and remarkable functional group tolerance, including the synthesis of bioactive molecule sertraline.

A Nationwide Nepalese Study to Establish Reference Intervals for Major Biochemical Analytes with Elucidation of Nepalese Features of Reference Values.

Unlabelled: Despite immense importance of reference intervals (RIs) for clinical diagnosis, there have been no reliable RIs available for Nepalese. Hence, this nationwide study was organized to establish RIs for 30 common biochemical parameters. This study was conducted following the harmonized protocol provided by IFCC Committee on Reference Interval and Decision Limits (C-RIDL) with recruitment of 617 apparently healthy volunteers (18 - 65 years) by near-equal gender balance from 5 major cities.

A novel phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of chronic liver injury and metabolic diseases.

Background And Aims: Chronic liver disease leads to ~2 million deaths annually. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling has long been studied in liver injury, particularly in the regulation of fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation and pro-inflammatory polarization of tissue-resident lymphocytes. Phosphodiesterase 4B inhibition has been explored as a therapeutic modality, but these drugs have had limited success and are known to cause significant adverse effects.

2,8-Disubstituted-1,5-naphthyridines as Dual Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase and Hemozoin Formation with Efficacy.

Structure-activity relationship studies of 2,8-disubstituted-1,5-naphthyridines, previously reported as potent inhibitors of () phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase β (PI4K), identified 1,5-naphthyridines with basic groups at 8-position, which retained PI4K inhibitory activity but switched primary mode of action to the host hemoglobin degradation pathway through inhibition of hemozoin formation. These compounds showed minimal off-target inhibitory activity against the human phosphoinositide kinases and MINK1 and MAP4K kinases, which were associated with the teratogenicity and testicular toxicity observed in rats for the PI4K inhibitor clinical candidate MMV390048. A representative compound from the series retained activity against field isolates and lab-raised drug-resistant strains of .

Enzymatic Dissociation of DNA-Histone Condensates in an Electrophoretic Setting: Modulating DNA Patterning and Hydrogel Viscoelasticity.

Development of an energy-driven self-assembly process is a matter of interest for understanding and mimicking diverse ranges of biological and environmental patterns in a synthetic system. In this article, first we demonstrate transient and temporally controlled self-assembly of a DNA-histone condensate where trypsin (already present in the system) hydrolyzes histone, resulting in disassembly. Upon performing this dynamic self-assembly process in a gel matrix under an electric field, we observe diverse kinds of DNA patterning across the gel matrix depending on the amount of trypsin, incubation time of the reaction mixture, and gel porosity.