Catestatin improves heart metabolic flexibility by promoting mitochondrial structure and function.

Hypertension, a major cause of cardiomyopathy, is one of the most critical risk factors for heart failure and mortality worldwide. Loss of metabolic flexibility of cardiomyocytes is one of the major causes of heart failure. Although Catestatin (CST) treatment is known to be both hypotensive and cardioprotective, its effect on cardiac metabolism is unknown.

Tailoring the photoluminescence of AIE-type gold nanoclusters biomineralization-inspired polymorphism.

Tailoring the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics of well-defined metal nanoclusters (MNCs) is highly sought after for numerous practical applications. Studies have primarily focused on assembling AIE-type MNCs using monomorphic molecules. Achieving polymorphic assemblies, with different molecular arrangements could provide valuable insights into the role of external molecular matrices on the photoluminescence (PL) behaviour of these NCs.

Synergistic effects of Fe and Ag doping on the structural and optical properties of a TiO thin film: a dual function platform for hydrogen generation and dye degradation.

The global population is increasing at an alarming pace, leading to a rapid surge in industrialization and concomitant environmental degradation. In light of the present circumstances, it is crucial to find sustainable solutions to mitigate pollution and ensure a safe and clean environment for the present and future society. One promising solution is photocatalysis, which utilizes solar energy to address environmental issues while providing a renewable and sustainable energy source.

Unravelling structural insights into ligand-induced photoluminescence mechanisms of sulfur dots.

Sulfur dots (S-QDs) hold promise as a new category of metal-free, luminescent nanomaterials, yet their practical application faces challenges primarily due to a limited understanding of their structure and its impact on their optical properties. Herein, by employing a spectrum of aliphatic and aromatic ligands, we identify the surface structure and composition of S-QDs while delineating the pivotal role of ligands in inducing photoluminescence. Thiol-functionalized ligands, such as 4-mercapto benzoic acid and glutathione, notably promote the formation of both green and blue luminescent S-QDs, boosting a high quantum yield of up to 56%.

Triple oxygen isotope reveals insolation-forced tropical moisture cycles.

Tropical oceans are the main global water vapor and latent heat sources, but their responses to radiative forcing remain unclear. Here, we investigate oceanic moisture dynamics of the western tropical Pacific (WTP) over the past 210,000 years through an approach of planktonic foraminiferal triple oxygen isotope (Δ'O). The Δ'O record is dominated by the precession cycles (~23,000 years), with lower values reflecting higher humidity in concert with higher Northern Hemisphere summer insolation.

Vasostatin-1 restores autistic disorders in an idiopathic autism model (BTBR T+ Itpr3/J mice) by decreasing hippocampal neuroinflammation.

Chromogranin A (CgA), a ∼ 49 kDa acidic secretory protein, is ubiquitously distributed in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells and neurons. As a propeptide, CgA is proteolytically cleaved to generate several peptides of biological importance, including pancreastatin (PST: hCgA), Vasostatin 1 (VS1: hCgA), and catestatin (CST: CgA ). VS1 represents the most conserved fragment of CgA.

Chromogranin A Deficiency Attenuates Tauopathy by Altering Epinephrine-Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling.

Metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and hypertension are potential risk factors for aging and neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are reversed in Chromogranin A knockout (CgA-KO) mice. This study investigates the role of CgA in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD).

Molecular Packing-Driven Manipulation of Aggregation Induced Emission in Gold Nanoclusters.

A key limitation of supramolecular force-driven molecular assembly in aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials is the need to precisely regulate molecular interactions within the assembly. Achieving such assemblies with in situ manipulable molecular arrangements could provide valuable insights into the role of molecular forces in AIE. Herein, by using glutathione-protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) as a model AIE material and a naturally occurring polyphenol, tannic acid (TA), as the assembling agent, we demonstrate that assemblies dominated by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonding show enhanced AIE, while those dominated by π-π stacking promote charge transfer, resulting in significant photoluminescence (PL) quenching.

Chromogranin A (CgA) Deficiency Attenuates Tauopathy by Altering Epinephrine-Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling.

Our previous studies have indicated that insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in aged wild-type (WT) mice can be reversed in mice lacking chromogranin-A (CgA-KO mice). These health conditions are associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). CgA, a neuroendocrine secretory protein has been detected in protein aggregates in the brains of AD patients.

Strategic framework for harnessing luminescent metal nanocluster assemblies in biosensing applications.

The distinctive physicochemical attributes of ultra-small metal nanoclusters (MNCs) resembling those of molecules make them versatile constituents for self-assembled frameworks. This critical review scrutinizes the influence of assembly on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of MNCs and investigates their utility in biosensing applications. The investigation is initiated with an assessment of the shift from individual MNCs to assemblies and its repercussions on PL efficacy.

SPTLC3 Is Essential for Complex I Activity and Contributes to Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Dysregulated metabolism of bioactive sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, has been implicated in cardiovascular disease, although the specific species, disease contexts, and cellular roles are not completely understood. Sphingolipids are produced by the serine palmitoyltransferase enzyme, canonically composed of 2 subunits, SPTLC1 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1) and SPTLC2 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2). Noncanonical sphingolipids are produced by a more recently described subunit, SPTLC3 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 3).

Drp1 controls complex II assembly and skeletal muscle metabolism by Sdhaf2 action on mitochondria.

The dynamin-related guanosine triphosphatase, Drp1 (encoded by ), plays a central role in mitochondrial fission and is requisite for numerous cellular processes; however, its role in muscle metabolism remains unclear. Here, we show that, among human tissues, the highest number of gene correlations with is in skeletal muscle. Knockdown of Drp1 (Drp1-KD) promoted mitochondrial hyperfusion in the muscle of male mice.

Potential role of immune cell therapy in gynecological cancer and future promises: a comprehensive review.

Gynecological malignancies are most leading causes of death among women worldwide. The high prevalence of gynecologic malignancies remains significant, necessitating to turn the novel treatment approach like immunotherapy, wherein cancer cells are killed by the invasion of immune system. In recent year, immunotherapy has mostly an advanced treatment approach to repressing the tumor cells survival, proliferation, and invasion via the activation of immune systems.

Pyrazole-based and N,N-diethylcarbamate functionalized some novel aurone analogs: Design, synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation, docking and SAR studies, against AGS cancer cell line.

The present study involves the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of thirty-three, pyrazole-based and N,N-diethylcarbamate functionalized, novel aurone analogs, against AGS cancer cell line. These novel aurone analogs are obtained from the reaction of pyrazole-based 6-hydroxyaurones with diethyl carbamoyl chloride using mild basic reagent. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated against a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) and disclosed some potential outcomes as several analogs were found to have cytotoxicity better than the reference drugs Oxaliplatin and Leucovorin.

Outcomes of 3-year follow up with induction vs first line chemotherapy in oral cancer patients: An observational hospital-based study.

Objective: Our study aims to analyse and compare the efficacy, adverse effect profile and survival among the Paclitaxel/Cisplatin/5-Flurouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy and Paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) first line or cisplatin chemotherapy in a high-volume tertiary care cancer centre.

Materials And Methods: 215 patients with oral cavity cancer were recruited in this study. Patients with stages I-IIc underwent surgical resection or radiation therapy 66-74 GY/fraction.

Mitochondrial-derived peptides: Antidiabetic functions and evolutionary perspectives.

Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel class of bioactive microproteins encoded by short open-reading frames (sORF) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin (HN), MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF within Twelve S rRNA type-c), and SHLP1-6 (small Humanin-like peptide, 1 to 6). The 12 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) gene harbors the sequence for MOTS-c, whereas HN and SHLP1-6 are encoded by the 16 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene.

Emerging Futuristic Targeted Therapeutics: A Comprising Study Towards a New Era for the Management of TNBC.

Triple-negative breast cancer is characterized by high lethality attributed to factors such as chemoresistance, transcriptomic, and genomic heterogeneity, leading to a poor prognosis and limiting available targeted treatment options. While the identification of molecular targets remains pivotal for therapy involving chemo drugs, the current challenge lies in the poor response rates, low survival rates, and frequent relapses. Despite various clinical investigations exploring molecular targeted therapies in conjunction with conventional chemo treatment, the outcomes have been less than optimal.

Modeling and Phenotyping Acute and Chronic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Vitro in Rodent Heart and Skeletal Muscle Cells.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a complex pathophysiology which makes modeling the disease difficult. We aimed to develop a novel model for simulating T2D in vitro, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and variably elevated insulin levels targeting muscle cells. We investigated insulin resistance (IR), cellular respiration, mitochondrial morphometry, and the associated function in different T2D-mimicking conditions in rodent skeletal (C2C12) and cardiac (H9C2) myotubes.

Gut lumen-leaked microbial DNA causes myocardial inflammation and impairs cardiac contractility in ageing mouse heart.

Emerging evidence indicates the critical roles of microbiota in mediating host cardiac functions in ageing, however, the mechanisms underlying the communications between microbiota and cardiac cells during the ageing process have not been fully elucidated. Bacterial DNA was enriched in the cardiomyocytes of both ageing humans and mice. Antibiotic treatment remarkably reduced bacterial DNA abundance in ageing mice.

Social transition, economic development and gender-based wage disparity in a developing economy.

A four-sector competitive general equilibrium model has been developed with both male and female labour in presence of capital market distortion to analyse the effect of social transition on female labour force participation and gender-based wage inequality. The analysis finds that although gender wage inequality worsens in the existing structure, the consequence on female participation in the workforce depends on the stage of social transition. While it falls in the early stages, it begins to rise once a certain critical level of transition is crossed.

Direct Transorbital Approach for Treatment of Carotid Cavernous Fistula: An Illustrative Case Series.

Background And Objectives: Endovascular techniques have become the first-line treatment for carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs). Direct transorbital venous access may be used if anatomic constraints limit standard transarterial or transvenous access. We describe our institutional experience with the transorbital approach for Barrow Type A-D CCFs.

Loss of cAMP Signaling in CD11c Immune Cells Protects Against Diet-Induced Obesity.

Unlabelled: In obesity, CD11c+ innate immune cells are recruited to adipose tissue and create an inflammatory state that causes both insulin and catecholamine resistance. We found that ablation of Gnas, the gene that encodes Gαs, in CD11c expressing cells protects mice from obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Transplantation studies showed that the lean phenotype was conferred by bone marrow-derived cells and did not require adaptive immunity.

Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics.

The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA; bCgA) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist.

Risk of Incident and Fatal Colorectal Cancer After Young-Onset Adenoma Diagnosis: A National Cohort Study.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates are increasing in adults aged <50 years. Young-onset adenoma (YOA)-adenoma detected in adults younger than 50 years-may signify increased CRC risk, but this association has not been widely studied. Our aim was to compare the risk of incident and fatal CRC in adults aged <50 years with YOA diagnosis compared with those with a normal colonoscopy.