Tropical febrile illnesses are important subsets of diseases leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) due to their geographical location, hot and dry climate, which predisposes individuals to dehydration, poor health infrastructure, and the prevalence of certain specific infectious diseases. Specific tropical infections need to be excluded while considering the differential diagnosis of febrile illness with AKI. Untreated infections may result in high mortality or may lead to long-term complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
December 2024
The intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones (TC) are on the rise due to climate change, resulting in severe damage to coastal regions. Hence, the mitigation of socioeconomic and environmental consequences of cyclones has attained paramount importance in the recent years. In this study, the rapid impact of a very severe cyclonic storm "Titli" on land cover (LC) changes were evaluated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and high-resolution Sentinel-2 data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
November 2024
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are the group of biological macromolecules those play a potent role in protecting the bacteria from any sorts of stress. They exhibit multifunctional roles in natural and bioactive product science hence exhibits various types of medical and biochemical applications. EPS ensures the storage of nutrients, produce antigens to create defense mechanism during infection, and is also responsible for the formation of biofilm and cell adhesion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe serendipitous occurrence of gels in science has been a milestone for further industrial revolutionization. The controlled formation and disassembly of gels coupled with their viscoelastic properties and their ability to undergo extensive structural modification to suit different applications have led to the widespread use of gelation technology in different domains of science such as sensing, material chemistry and physics, medicine, food and nutrition, ecology, and more. With the rising interest in gelators and gels applications, accurately depicting the current status of gelation and associated technology is of paramount importance for researchers and scholars already immersed in gel technology as well as those aiming to delve into this field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Ther Pat
October 2024
Introduction: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) is one of the important components of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, transduces signal for cell growth, differentiation, and development. Deregulation of MEK leads to a wide variety of cancer; hence, MEK is considered as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. The MEK1/2 inhibitors in combination with other inhibitors showed better therapeutic outcomes in various malignancies including resistant or relapsed or refractory cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE Trans Med Imaging
January 2025
Deep learning models for medical image analysis easily suffer from distribution shifts caused by dataset artifact bias, camera variations, differences in the imaging station, etc., leading to unreliable diagnoses in real-world clinical settings. Domain generalization (DG) methods, which aim to train models on multiple domains to perform well on unseen domains, offer a promising direction to solve the problem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFState-of-the-art deep learning models often fail to generalize in the presence of distribution shifts between training (source) data and test (target) data. Domain adaptation methods are designed to address this issue using labeled samples (supervised domain adaptation) or unlabeled samples (unsupervised domain adaptation). Active learning is a method to select informative samples to obtain maximum performance from minimum annotations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn fully supervised learning-based medical image classification, the robustness of a trained model depends on its exposure to various disease classes. Generalized Zero Shot Learning (GZSL) aims to predict both seen and novel unseen classes. While most GZSL approaches focus on single-label cases, chest X-rays often have multiple disease labels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
November 2024
Tracking new variants of SARS-CoV-2 is vital for managing COVID-19 spread and allocating resources. Domestic antigen testing has created surveillance gaps that make it hard to identify new viral variants. We conducted whole genome sequencing of wastewater viral genes from major and minor treatment facilities in Dehradun from March 2022 onwards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSaudi J Kidney Dis Transpl
September 2023
Arterial stiffness is a non-traditional risk factor of cardiovascular disease and may explain part of the excess cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease patients. Successful renal transplantation (RT) may restore renal function and improve several metabolic abnormalities involved in arterial stiffness. This prospective study conducted non-invasive assessments of arterial stiffness indices [the augmentation index (AI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)] in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients before RT and 3 and 6 months after living-donor RT, alongside the effects of age and calcineurin inhibitors on arterial stiffness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraditional catalyst development relies on multistep synthesis and isolation of ligand and precatalyst. Designing a catalytic system that can be assembled from easily accessible starting materials can decrease the reaction complexity and enhance the synthetic utility. Herein, we report an inexpensive and commercially available CoBr·HO/terpyridine-catalyzed effective and straightforward transfer hydrogenation (TH) protocol for -heteroarenes, utilizing NH·BH (AB) under ambient conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRampant use of fertilizers and pesticides for boosting agricultural crop productivity has proven detrimental impact on land, water, and air quality globally. Although fertilizers and pesticides ensure greater food security, their unscientific management negatively impacts soil fertility, structure of soil microbiome and ultimately human health and hygiene. Pesticides exert varying impacts on soil properties and microbial community functions, contingent on factors such as their chemical structure, mode of action, toxicity, and dose-response characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe search for efficient molecular hydrogen precursors and their catalytic exploration is necessary for the evolution of catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Methyl formate (MF) having high hydrogen content still remains unexplored for such transformations. Herein, we disclosed a bifunctional Ir(III)-complex catalyzed chemoselective TH protocol for -heteroarenes and azoarenes using MF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGemcitabine-induced thrombotic micro-angiopathy (GiTMA) is a very rare pathology of micro-vascular occlusion with a poor prognosis. In this case report, we present a young male with pancreatic carcinoma who received gemcitabine as adjuvant chemotherapy and developed thrombotic micro-angiopathy (TMA) manifesting as nephrotic syndrome with renal dysfunction and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The case was successfully managed with discontinuation of the drug and conservative management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol Pathol
October 2023
Animals models are essential to understand the complex pathobiology of human diseases. George Box's aphorism based on statistics "All models are wrong, but some are useful" certainly applies to animal models of disease. In this session, the translational relevance of various animal models applicable to human liver disease was explored starting with a historic overview of the rodent cancer bioassay with emphasis on hepatocarcinogenesis from early work at the National Cancer Institute, refinement by the National Toxicology Program and contemporary efforts to identify potential mechanisms and their relevance to human cancer risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioengineering (Basel)
December 2023
Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OPSCC) is one of the common forms of heterogeneity in head and neck cancer. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a major risk factor for OPSCC. Therefore, differentiating the HPV-positive and negative cases in OPSCC patients is an essential diagnostic factor influencing future treatment decisions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInformative sample selection in an active learning (AL) setting helps a machine learning system attain optimum performance with minimum labeled samples, thus reducing annotation costs and boosting performance of computer-aided diagnosis systems in the presence of limited labeled data. Another effective technique to enlarge datasets in a small labeled data regime is data augmentation. An intuitive active learning approach thus consists of combining informative sample selection and data augmentation to leverage their respective advantages and improve the performance of AL systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterfaces in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a pivotal role in determining device performance by influencing charge transport and recombination. Understanding the physical processes at these interfaces is essential for achieving high-power conversion efficiency in PSCs. Particularly, the interfaces involving oxide-based transport layers are susceptible to defects like dangling bonds, excess oxygen, or oxygen deficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAberrant fibroblast function plays a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a devastating disease of unrelenting extracellular matrix deposition in response to lung injury. Platelet-derived growth factor α-positive (Pdgfra+) lipofibroblasts (LipoFBs) are essential for lung injury response and maintenance of a functional alveolar stem cell niche. Little is known about the effects of lung injury on LipoFB function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic's steady condition coupled with predominance of emerging contaminants in the environment and its synergistic implications in recent times has stoked interest in combating medical emergencies in this dynamic environment. In this context, high concentrations of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), microplastics (MPs), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and soaring coinfecting microbes, tied with potential endocrine disruptive (ED) are critical environmental concerns that requires a detailed documentation and analysis. During the pandemic, the identification, enumeration, and assessment of potential hazards of PPCPs and MPs and (used as anti-COVID-19 agents/applications) in aquatic habitats have been attempted globally.
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