Recent synthetic strategies for the construction of functionalized carbazoles and their heterocyclic motifs enabled by Lewis acids.

This article demonstrates recent innovative cascade annulation methods for preparing functionalized carbazoles and their related polyaromatic heterocyclic compounds enabled by Lewis acid catalysts. Highly substituted carbazole scaffolds were synthesized Lewis acid mediated Friedel-Crafts arylation, electrocyclization, intramolecular cyclization, cycloaddition, C-N bond-formations, aromatization and cascade domino reactions, metal-catalyzed, iodine catalyzed reactions and multi-component reactions. This review article mainly focuses on Lewis acid-mediated recent synthetic methods to access a variety of electron-rich and electron-poor functional groups substituted carbazole frameworks in one-pot reactions.

Synthetic Strategies of N-Heterocyclic Olefin (NHOs) and Their Recent Application of Organocatalytic Reactions and Beyond.

N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) derivatives have an electron-rich as well as highly polarized carabon-carbon (C=C) double bond because of the electron-donating nature of nitrogen and sulphur atoms. While NHOs have been developing as novel organocatalysts and ligands for transition-metal complexes in various organic compound syntheses, different research groups are currently interested in preparing imidazole and triazolium-based chiral NHO catalysts. Some of them have been used for enantioselective organic transformations, but were still elusive.

"Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary like Nuclear Features": An Institutional Retrospective Study with Re-nomenclature and Re-classification.

The cumulative efforts of pioneers in field of Thyroid pathology have resulted in proposed reclassification of Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (EFVPTC) to "Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features" (NIFTWP) due to indolent clinical behaviour. To study the spectrum of EFVPTCs in our institute and to reclassify them as NIFTWP using stringent morphological criteria. This is a retrospective study conducted from Jan 2014 to July 2017.