Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Events and Inflammatory Factors in Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Undergoing Dual Antiplatelet Therapy.

Introduction: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), vital post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to prevent cardiovascular events (CVEs) via aspirin and P2Y12 receptor antagonists, faces controversy when combined with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) due to potential impacts on bleeding risk and antiplatelet efficacy, prompting the need for further research to determine optimal co-administration practices. This work evaluated the effects of PPIs on CVEs and inflammatory factors in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) undergoing DAPT after PCI.

Materials And Methods: The data of 166 patients who underwent PCI and developed UGIB while on DAPT from April 2021 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast.

Objective: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and histopathological as well as immunological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of breast.

Study Design: A descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 1997 to January 2017.