Synergistic impact of nanoplastics and nanopesticides on and toxicity analysis.

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) when exposed to nanopermethrin (NPER) exacerbate toxicity on . In the environment, NPs act as a vector for other pollutants mainly heavy metals and pesticides. Nanopesticides are efficient compared to their bulk form.

Surface functionalization, particle size and pharmaceutical co-contaminant dependent impact of nanoplastics on marine crustacean - .

Despite a significant amount of research on micronanoplastics (MNPs), there is still a gap in our understanding of their function as transporters of other environmental pollutants (known as the Trojan horse effect) and the combined effects of ingestion, bioaccumulation, and toxicity to organisms. This study examined the individual effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) with various surface functionalizations (plain (PS), carboxylated (PS-COOH), and aminated (PS-NH)), particle sizes (100 nm and 500 nm), and a pharmaceutical co-contaminant (metformin hydrochloride (MH), an anti-diabetic drug) on the marine crustacean - . The study specifically aimed to determine if MH alters the detrimental effects of PSNPs on .