Epidemiology of non-communicable diseases among transgender population residing in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu.

Introduction: There is a paucity of research on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart diseases among transgenders, with more importance given to diseases like HIV. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of NCDs, their risk factors and the associated factors among transgenders residing in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu.

Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done among 145 transgenders residing in the Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, selected by snowball sampling method.

Treasure from trash - Is Ecoenzyme the new panacea in conservative dentistry and endodontics?

Context: Endodontic biofilm eradication is achieved by chemo-mechanical disinfection. The search for a safer, nontoxic irrigant led us to a natural product, Ecoenzyme.

Aim: This study aims to analyze Ecoenzyme (EE) and explore its antimicrobial and biofilm disrupting activity against a 1-week mature multi-species biofilm.

Absence of zygomycetes in the oral niche of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders.

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection which has been regrouped under emerging infectious disease. In this COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of mucormycosis has been reported in many parts of India. Systemic condition that weakens one's immune systems like uncontrolled diabetes, chemotherapy or chronic long-term illness poses a grave threat for this fungal infection.

Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of CoFeO Nanoparticles from Plant Extract.

Biogenic CoFeO nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation and plant leaf was used as a bio-reductant of the nanoparticle productions. The biosynthesized CoFeO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV, VSM, and SEM via EDX analysis. The cubic phase of biosynthesized CoFeO nanoparticles and their crystallite size was determined by XRD.

Influential role of 7-Ketocholesterol in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Millions of people are affected by neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. They occur due to the loss of brain functions or peripheral nervous system dysfunction. If untreated, prolonged condition ultimately leads to death.

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Daptomycin, Gentamicin, and Calcium Hydroxide-Antibiotic Combinations on Dentinal Biofilm: An Study.

Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH) with antibiotic combinations: daptomycin and gentamicin against ( dentinal biofilm.

Materials And Methods: Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were inoculated with (ATCC 29212) ( = 30) (group A) and clinical isolates ( = 30) (group B) for 3 weeks to form a biofilm. The tooth samples of groups A and B were randomly divided into three subgroups of 10 each, groups 1A and 1B (CH), groups 2A and 2B (CH+G), groups 3A and 3B (CH+D), depending on the medicaments to be placed for one week.

Unveiling the Impacted Canine - Eyelet Chain Guide: Concepts and Clinical Application.

Impaction of canine is frequently encountered clinical problem in orthodontics. Canine usually erupts when two third of the root development is complete. It is considered as impacted if the root development is completed, but unaided eruption is not expected to occur.

Effects of chitosan oligosaccharide and calcium hypochlorite on dentinal biofilm and smear layer removal - SEM analysis.

Background: The complex structure and irregularities of root canal walls are liable for infection by several bacterial species. Thus, the use of irrigants and auxiliary chemical solutions associated with instrumentation is necessary for effective eradication of the biofilm as well as complete removal of the smear layer.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of calcium hypochlorite and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) in disinfecting Enterococcus faecalis root canal biofilm and smear layer removal with minimal erosion.

A comparative study of Candida species diversity among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Candida species by PCR-RFLP method in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and healthy cohorts. Unstimulated saliva was collected from patients with OSCC (n = 97), OPMD (n = 200), and healthy controls (n = 200). Candida species were isolated using the standard protocol.

Coronal Bacterial Penetration after 7 days in class II endodontic access cavities restored with two temporary restorations: A Randomised Clinical Trial.

The aim of this in vivo randomised clinical trial was to assess coronal bacterial penetration after placement of Cavit G and IRM temporary restorations in Class II endodontic access cavities. After completion of endodontic treatment, placement of an orifice seal and disinfection of the operating field, sterile cotton pellets were placed in the pulp chamber and the cavities were restored with Cavit G or IRM. After 7 days, coronal and proximal restoration thickness was measured by digital radiographs.

Studies on isolation, characterization of fucoidan from brown algae Turbinaria decurrens and evaluation of it's in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities.

In the present study, the anti-nociception and anti-inflammatory activity of fucoidan isolated from T. decurrens on formalin induced paw-edema in mice model were investigated. The extracted fucoidan contain 54.

Mutant Prevention Concentration of Ciprofloxacin against Clinical Isolates: An Ideal Prognosticator in Treating Multidrug-Resistant Strains.

Background: Fluoroquinolone-resistant poses a therapeutic challenge when implicated in urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, skin infections, osteomyelitis, and respiratory infections. The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) represents a concentration threshold above which increase of resistant mutants occurs rarely. The aim of the present study is to determine the MPC among ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates.

Chromogenic medium versus PCR-RFLP in the speciation of Candida: a comparative study.

Objective: Candida species is implicated in a wide array of clinical infections. Speciation of Candida strains is of prime importance in the epidemiological survey and laboratory diagnosis as there is an upswing of antifungal resistance and changing trends in the antifungal resistance pattern among C. albicans and non albicans Candida.

Frequency of putative periodontal pathogens among type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to compare and assess the risk of periodontitis due to the presence of four putative periodontopathic bacteria viz., Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. To fulfil the above objective, polymerase Chain reaction using the primers targeting 16S rRNA gene of the bacterial species was performed with the subgingival plaque collected from the permanent first molars of type 1 diabetic children and age matched healthy children.

Evaluation of periodontal status and detection of in cerebral palsy individuals: A Case-Control study.

Background: The worldwide prevalence of cerebral palsy among live births is estimated to be between 1.9 and 3.6/1000.

Detection of Tannerella forsythia bspA and prtH genotypes among periodontitis patients and healthy subjects-A case-Control study.

Background: T. forsythia a gram negative, anaerobe inhabits the mature biofilm present at sites expressing progressive periodontitis. It is a part of "red complex" group which contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Detection of leukotoxin and fimbria-associated protein gene genotypes among periodontitis patients and healthy controls: A case-control study.

Background: has been reported in higher proportions in subgingival microbiota of individuals with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) compared with those with chronic periodontitis (ChP) and healthy controls. The major virulence factors are the ones that help in colonization and evasion of host's defenses. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of and its virulent genotypes (leukotoxin [] and fimbria-associated protein []).

A novel and less invasive technique to assess cytokine profile of vitreous in patients of diabetic macular oedema.

PurposeA pilot study to validate the collection of vitreous reflux (VR) after intravitreal injection using Schirmers tear strips was carried out. We assessed its efficiency for proteomics studies by estimating the differential expression of 27 cytokines using multiplexed bead array in diabetic macular oedema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. To set, validate and assess the efficacy of Schirmer tear strips for collecting VR in patients undergoing intravitreal injections for diabetic macular oedema (DME).

"Association of periodontopathic anaerobic bacterial co-occurrence to atherosclerosis" - A cross-sectional study.

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown a link between periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Hence the present study was chosen to assess the presence of eight anaerobic periodontal pathogens and their virulence genes in subgingival plaque (SGP) and atheromatous plaque (AP) of patients with Ischaemic heart disease.

Methods: SGP and AP collected from 65 Ischaemic heart disease patients were screened for the presence of periodontal bacterial pathogens by Polymerase chain reaction.

Effect of chitosan-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid on Enterococcus faecalis dentinal biofilm and smear layer removal.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan and chitosan-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (3:1,1:1,1:3) in comparison with 5.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in disinfecting Enterococcus faecalis biofilm on root canal dentin and in the removal of smear layer with minimal erosion.

Materials And Methods: Seventy single-rooted extracted human mandibular premolars (n = 70) were selected for the study.

Clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of a controlled-release device containing chlorhexidine in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

A controlled-release device (CRD) containing chlorhexidine gluconate, such as PerioCol(™)CG (Eucare Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd,, Chennai, India), for subgingival application has little reported data with clinical as well as antimicrobial efficacy. This study evaluated clinical and subgingival microbial changes on using indigenously developed PerioCol™CG as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Smile: A review.

"Beauty is in the mind of the beholder, each mind perceives a different beauty" famously said by writer Margeret Wolfe Hungerford. A beautiful smile is a gateway to the world. The aim of this article was to identify the criteria for designing the perfect smile.

Orthodontic instrument sterilization with microwave irradiation.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of microwave sterilization of orthodontic instruments and molar bands immersed in plain distilled water with and without oral rinse, and to ascertain the minimum time of exposure required to sterilize.

Materials And Methods: The orthodontic instruments (hinged and nonhinged), molar bands and mouth mirrorsused in the patient 's mouth were selected for the study. The instruments were divided into two groups - Group I with oral rinse-set A (0.

Palatal bone thickness measured by palatal index method using cone-beam computed tomography in nonorthodontic patients for placement of mini-implants.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the bone thickness of the palatal areas in different palatal index (PI) groups.

Materials And Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 10 subjects were selected with ameanage group of 18 years. The measurements of palatal bone thickness were made at 36 sites using CareStream 3D Imaging software.