Emerging trends in hydrogen and synfuel generation: a state-of-the-art review.

The current work investigated emerging fields for generating and consuming hydrogen and synthetic Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels, especially from detrimental greenhouse gases, CO and CH. Technologies for syngas generation ranging from partial oxidation, auto-thermal, dry, photothermal and wet or steam reforming of methane were adequately reviewed alongside biomass valorisation for hydrogen generation, water electrolysis and climate challenges due to methane flaring, production, storage, transportation, challenges and opportunities in CO and CH utilisation. Under the same conditions, dry reforming produces more coke than steam reforming.

The nitrogen cycle and mitigation strategies for nitrogen loss during organic waste composting: A review.

Composting is a promising technology to decompose organic waste into humus-like high-quality compost, which can be used as organic fertilizer. However, greenhouse gases (NO, CO, CH) and odorous emissions (HS, NH) are major concerns as secondary pollutants, which may pose adverse environmental and health effects. During the composting process, nitrogen cycle plays an important role to the compost quality.

Synthesis and catalytic properties of calcium oxide obtained from organic ash over a titanium nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from dairy scum.

The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production from dairy effluent scum as a sustainable energy source using CaO obtained from organic ash over titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) as the transesterification nano-catalyst has been studied. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were characterized, and the effect of different experimental factors on the biodiesel yield was studied. It was revealed that the CaO-TiO nano-catalyst displayed bifunctional properties, has both basic and acid phases, and leads to various effects on the catalyst activity in the transesterification process.