The efficacy and safety of itopride in feeding intolerance of critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition: a randomized, double-blind study.

Background: Enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) is a frequent problem in the Intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes leading to worse prognosis in terms of mortality and ICU stay. Nowadays, prokinetic drugs are the mainstay of therapy in EFI. However, available prokinetics have uncertain efficacy and safety profiles.

Do young children consistently meet 24-h sleep and activity guidelines? A longitudinal analysis using actigraphy.

Background: Existing studies examining adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in young children are mostly cross sectional and have not assessed additional guidelines relating to activity intensity or regularity in sleep patterns. The aims of this study were to determine adherence to full sleep, activity, and sedentary behaviour guidelines from 1-5 years of age, whether adherence tracked over time, and how adherence was related to body composition cross sectionally and prospectively.

Subjects/methods: Data were obtained from 547 children who were participants in a randomised controlled trial.

Dexmedetomidine versus Magnesium as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine-Induced Caudal Block in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Trial.

Background: Caudal block remains fundamental in pediatric anaesthetic practice. It is very useful in a wide range of surgical procedures and has proved to have a remarkable safety record, But one of the major limitations of the single-injection technique is the relatively short duration of postoperative analgesia. Prolongation of caudal analgesia using single-shot technique has been achieved by the addition of various adjuvant.

Examining the accuracy of the New Zealand B4 School Check universal health service anthropometric measurements of children.

Background: The aim of the current study was to determine whether anthropometric data from the New Zealand B4 School Check (B4SC) universal health service assessments are comparable to research grade anthropometric data.

Methods: B4SC anthropometric data were obtained for a subsample (n=394) of children who participated in the Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) randomised control trial. B4SC anthropometric measures were compared to POI anthropometric values that had been interpolated to align with the date of the B4SC assessment.

24-h movement behaviors from infancy to preschool: cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships with body composition and bone health.

Background: New physical activity guidelines for children address all movement behaviors across the 24-h day (physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep), but how each component relates to body composition when adjusted for the compositional nature of 24-h data is uncertain.

Aims: To i) describe 24-h movement behaviors from 1 to 5 years of age, ii) determine cross-sectional relationships with body mass index (BMI) z-score, iii) determine whether movement behaviors from 1 to 5 years of age predict body composition and bone health at 5 years.

Methods: 24-h accelerometry data were collected in 380 children over 5-7 days at 1, 2, 3.

Sleep, nutrition, and physical activity interventions to prevent obesity in infancy: follow-up of the Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) randomized controlled trial at ages 3.5 and 5 y.

Background: Our Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) study suggested that a brief sleep intervention in infancy reduced the risk of obesity at age 2 y. In contrast, we observed no benefit from the nutrition and activity intervention.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine how these interventions influenced growth at ages 3.

Targeting Sleep, Food, and Activity in Infants for Obesity Prevention: An RCT.

Objective: The few existing early-life obesity prevention initiatives have concentrated on nutrition and physical activity, with little examination of sleep.

Methods: This community-based, randomized controlled trial allocated 802 pregnant women (≥16 years, <34 weeks' gestation) to: control, FAB (food, activity, and breastfeeding), sleep, or combination (both interventions) groups. All groups received standard well-child care.

Eating frequency in relation to BMI in very young children: a longitudinal analysis.

Objective: Eating less frequently is associated with increased obesity risk in older children but data are potentially confounded by reverse causation, where bigger children eat less often in an effort to control their weight. Longitudinal data, particularly in younger children, are scarce. We aimed to determine whether eating frequency (meals and snacks) at 2 years of age is associated with past, current or subsequent BMI.

Three-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial to reduce excessive weight gain in the first two years of life: protocol for the POI follow-up study.

Background: The Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) study was a four-arm randomised controlled trial (RCT) in 802 families which assessed whether additional education and support on sleep (Sleep group); food, physical activity and breastfeeding (FAB group); or both (Combination group), reduced excessive weight gain from birth to 2 years of age, compared to usual care (Control group). The study had high uptake at recruitment (58 %) and retention at 2 years (86 %). Although the FAB intervention produced no significant effect on BMI or weight status at 2 years, the odds of obesity were halved in those who received the sleep intervention, despite no apparent effect on sleep duration.

Impact of an early-life intervention on the nutrition behaviors of 2-y-old children: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Despite an extensive well-child health service, 30% of New Zealand's 2- to 4-y old children are overweight or obese. This suggests that additional intervention is necessary to establish healthy nutrition behaviors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intervention from 0 to 18 mo of age on food and nutrient intake, eating behaviors, and parental feeding practices in 18- to 24-mo-old children.