Prenatal intake of omega-3 promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and preserves integrity of the blood-brain barrier in preeclamptic rats.

Background: Preeclampsia is a systemic, multi-organ endotheliopathy, associated with oxidative injury to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Preeclampsia initiates a cascade of events that include neuroinflammation. Recently, it was documented that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway exerts neuroprotective effects and maintain BBB integrity.

IκB kinase inhibition remodeled connexins, pannexin-1, and excitatory amino-acid transporters expressions to promote neuroprotection of galantamine and morphine.

Inflammatory pathway and disruption in glutamate homeostasis join at the level of the glia, resulting in various neurological disorders. In vitro studies have provided evidence that membrane proteins connexions (Cxs) are involved in glutamate release, meanwhile, excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs) are crucial for glutamate reuptake (clearance). Moreover, pannexin-1 (Panx-1) activation is more detrimental to neurons.

Possible involvement of tetrahydrobiopterin in the disturbance of redox homeostasis in sepsis - Induced brain dysfunction.

Background And Aim: Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH) is an essential co-factor that regulates nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). In this study, we evaluated the effects of sepsis on BH level and redox status in the brain by using the rat model of sepsis-induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and examined whether BH and/or acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) could prevent the neuronal apoptosis and neurological changes induced by sepsis.

Material And Method: Male albino rats were randomly and blindly divided into 8 groups: sham, sham + BH, sham + ALC, sham +BH+ ALC, CLP, CLP + BH, CLP + ALC, and CLP+BH+ ALC.

Effect of undifferentiated versus hepatogenic partially differentiated mesenchymal stem cells on hepatic and cognitive functions in liver cirrhosis.

Liver cirrhosis is the outcome of chronic liver injury. The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells versus partially differentiated mesenchymal stem cells on liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. 50 adult male albino rats constituted the animal model and were divided into the following groups: control, thioacetamide, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells and hepatocyte growth factor-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells groups.

Evaluation of the effects of Eserine and JWH-133 on brain dysfunction associated with experimental endotoxemia.

Unlabelled: Sepsis is associated with neuronal damage and cognitive impairment, with the participation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative-nitrous stress. It is known that activated microglia plays a vital role in neuro-inflammation and neuro-degeneration. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate therapeutic roles of two microglia regulating agents, JWH-133 and Eserine, on the neuroinflammatory associated brain dysfunctions.

Comparative Neuroprotective Effects of Dexamethasone and Minocycline during Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Objective. Encephalopathy and brain edema are serious complications of acute liver injury and may lead to rapid death of patients. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in the cytotoxic brain oedema and the neuroprotective effects of both minocycline and dexamethasone.