Tempol improves optic nerve histopathology and ultrastructures in cisplatin-induced optic neuropathy in rats by targeting oxidative stress-Endoplasmic reticulum stress-Autophagy signaling pathways.

Introduction: Optic neuropathy is an affection of the optic neurons, which ends with blindness and occurs either primarily due to direct affection of the optic nerve or secondarily as a complication of chronic diseases and/or adverse effects of their therapy. The search for novel therapeutic tools is crucial in addressing the limited therapeutic approaches for optic neuropathy. Therefore, the present study was developed to investigate the possible ameliorative effect of tempol against cisplatin-induced optic neuropathy and its underlying mechanism.

Effect of Liraglutide on Osteoporosis in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study.

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a diabetic complication associated with a significant disability rate. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is a promising and innovative drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with potential therapeutic implications for bone disorders. This investigation examined the impact of liraglutide on osteoporosis in rats with T2DM and studied the influence of vitamin D receptor Bsm1 polymorphism on liraglutide-induced outcomes.

Liraglutide ameliorates diabetic-induced testicular dysfunction in male rats: role of GLP-1/Kiss1/GnRH and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.

Glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1) is released by intestinal cells to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas. GLP-1 has been linked to ameliorating obesity and/or diabetic complications as well as controlling reproductive function. Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) with 97% homology with GLP-1.

Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Role of Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs in Mice with Acute Lung Injury.

Recently, studies suggested that the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory roles in the induced acute lung injury in mice via controlling innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity. Sixty adult male mice were divided equally into three groups. Group A (control group) received an intraperitoneal (IP) phosphate-buffered saline.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and serum levels as markers of pre-clinical atherosclerosis in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by obesity, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a proinflammatory and proatherogenic cytokine which is associated with atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of PCOS is not precisely known.

Topical 5 fluorouracil cream vs combined 5 fluorouracil and fractional erbium YAG laser for treatment of severe hypertrophic scars.

Background: Topical 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) has been reported as one of the standard treatments for hypertrophic scars (HTS). Ablative fractional laser was found to have promising results in the delivery of topical drugs into the skin by creating vertical channels through which the drugs can penetrate the skin. So far there have been no comparative studies performed to compare both modalities in the same patient and same anatomical region, especially in severe HTS.

Aerosol Delivery Through an Adult High-Flow Nasal Cannula Circuit Using Low-Flow Oxygen.

Background: There has been a growing trend toward delivering aerosolized medications using high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). In some cases, patients who do not require high-flow oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation may benefit from aerosol delivery while receiving low-flow oxygen via HFNC. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the relative pulmonary and systemic delivery of salbutamol, with 2 different nebulizers, in patients with COPD receiving low-flow oxygen therapy through an HFNC.

Performance of Large Spacer Versus Nebulizer T-Piece in Single-Limb Noninvasive Ventilation.

Background: Predosing patients with COPD with salbutamol by using a pressurized metered-dose-inhaler (pMDI) as a bronchodilator was hypothesized to improve the distribution of the subsequent nebulized dose. This study determined the effect of a pMDI preliminary bronchodilator dose on the aerosol delivered by a mesh nebulizer during single-limb noninvasive ventilation.

Methods: Twelve subjects with COPD who received noninvasive ventilation were enrolled in a randomized, open-label, urinary pharmacokinetic study.

Microbial Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Among Infants and Children Admitted to the Pediatric Hospital, Ain Shams University.

Background: While recognizing the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia is necessary for formulating local antimicrobial guidelines, limited data is published about this etiology in Egyptian pediatric patients.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of bacterial and viral pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among immunocompetent Egyptian infants and preschool children.

Methods: Ninety infants and preschool-age children admitted to our hospital with CAP were prospectively included in the study.

Phototherapeutic modalities pose no significantly increased risk of oxidative damage to DNA in dark skinned individuals.

Background: 8-oxoguanine, a major product of DNA oxidation, is considered a key parameter in measuring the carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet radiation.

Objective: To assess and compare the carcinogenic potential of different photo (chemo) therapeutic modalities in photoresponsive skin diseases by measuring the levels of 8-oxoguanine in dark-skinned individuals before and after photo (chemo) therapy.

Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled pilot study was conducted in 63 patients of skin types III-V with photo-responsive dermatoses including vitiligo, psoriasis and mycosis fungoides.

Impact of seroconversion and antichlamydial treatment on the rate of pre-eclampsia among Egyptian primigravidae.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of antichlamydial treatment and Chlamydia pneumoniae seroconversion on the incidence of pre-eclampsia among Egyptian primigravidae.

Methods: The present prospective study included 600 healthy normotensive primigravidae who attended an outpatient clinic at 10-16weeks of pregnancy. A single venous blood sample was collected to test for C.

What is the use? An international look at reuse of single-use medical devices.

Reuse of single-use devices is common in most countries worldwide. We provide an overview of the issue from an international perspective. In many developing and transitional countries reuse of cheap single-use devices (needles, syringes, surgical gloves) is common leading to large numbers of unsafe interventions, specifically injections and, as a consequence, infection with hepatitis B, C or HIV.

Cellular interferon-gamma based assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

A major breakthrough in recent years has been the development of an in vitro assays that measure T-cell release of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to stimulation with antigens specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) such as early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10). This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic potential of IFN-gamma in vitro production assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The study included 40 patients from Abbasia Chest Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.