Characterisation of virulence of f. sp. in Australia in the 2023 growing season.

Crown rust caused by the basidiomycete fungus f. sp. () results in significant crop losses worldwide.

Primary Mandibular Tuberculous Osteomyelitis Mimicking Ameloblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review of Mandibular Tuberculous Osteomyelitis.

Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis involving the mandible represents less than 2% of skeletal locations. In this paper, we report a case of mandibular tuberculosis (TB) detected after histopathological analysis of the surgically resected specimen during surgical management of a suspected case of ameloblastoma. A 14-year-old male patient presented to us with history of right-sided chin swelling.

Nuclear exchange generates population diversity in the wheat leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina.

In clonally reproducing dikaryotic rust fungi, non-sexual processes such as somatic nuclear exchange are postulated to play a role in diversity but have been difficult to detect due to the lack of genome resolution between the two haploid nuclei. We examined three nuclear-phased genome assemblies of Puccinia triticina, which causes wheat leaf rust disease. We found that the most recently emerged Australian lineage was derived by nuclear exchange between two pre-existing lineages, which originated in Europe and North America.

An autoactive gene causes dwarfism in wheat.

Semidwarfing genes have greatly increased wheat yields globally, yet the widely used gibberellin (GA)-insensitive genes and have disadvantages for seedling emergence. Use of the GA-sensitive semidwarfing gene avoids this pleiotropic effect. Here, we show that encodes a () gene.

The prescriber's guide to classic MAO inhibitors (phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid) for treatment-resistant depression.

This article is a clinical guide which discusses the "state-of-the-art" usage of the classic monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressants (phenelzine, tranylcypromine, and isocarboxazid) in modern psychiatric practice. The guide is for all clinicians, including those who may not be experienced MAOI prescribers. It discusses indications, drug-drug interactions, side-effect management, and the safety of various augmentation strategies.

Physical separation of haplotypes in dikaryons allows benchmarking of phasing accuracy in Nanopore and HiFi assemblies with Hi-C data.

Background: Most animals and plants have more than one set of chromosomes and package these haplotypes into a single nucleus within each cell. In contrast, many fungal species carry multiple haploid nuclei per cell. Rust fungi are such species with two nuclei (karyons) that contain a full set of haploid chromosomes each.

Adult plant stem rust resistance in durum wheat Glossy Huguenot: mapping, marker development and validation.

Adult plant stem rust resistance locus, QSrGH.cs-2AL, was identified in durum wheat Glossy Huguenot and mendelised as Sr63. Markers closely linked with Sr63 were developed.

The stem rust effector protein AvrSr50 escapes Sr50 recognition by a substitution in a single surface-exposed residue.

Pathogen effectors are crucial players during plant colonisation and infection. Plant resistance mostly relies on effector recognition to activate defence responses. Understanding how effector proteins escape from plant surveillance is important for plant breeding and resistance deployment.

The stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici induces centromeric small RNAs during late infection that are associated with genome-wide DNA methylation.

Background: Silencing of transposable elements (TEs) is essential for maintaining genome stability. Plants use small RNAs (sRNAs) to direct DNA methylation to TEs (RNA-directed DNA methylation; RdDM). Similar mechanisms of epigenetic silencing in the fungal kingdom have remained elusive.

Genomics accelerated isolation of a new stem rust avirulence gene-wheat resistance gene pair.

Stem rust caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is a devastating disease of the global staple crop wheat.

A recombined Sr26 and Sr61 disease resistance gene stack in wheat encodes unrelated NLR genes.

The re-emergence of stem rust on wheat in Europe and Africa is reinforcing the ongoing need for durable resistance gene deployment. Here, we isolate from wheat, Sr26 and Sr61, with both genes independently introduced as alien chromosome introgressions from tall wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum). Mutational genomics and targeted exome capture identify Sr26 and Sr61 as separate single genes that encode unrelated (34.

A five-transgene cassette confers broad-spectrum resistance to a fungal rust pathogen in wheat.

Breeding wheat with durable resistance to the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), a major threat to cereal production, is challenging due to the rapid evolution of pathogen virulence.

The wheat Sr22, Sr33, Sr35 and Sr45 genes confer resistance against stem rust in barley.

In the last 20 years, stem rust caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), has re-emerged as a major threat to wheat and barley production in Africa and Europe.

Emergence of the Ug99 lineage of the wheat stem rust pathogen through somatic hybridisation.

Parasexuality contributes to diversity and adaptive evolution of haploid (monokaryotic) fungi. However, non-sexual genetic exchange mechanisms are not defined in dikaryotic fungi (containing two distinct haploid nuclei). Newly emerged strains of the wheat stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis f.

Phenotypes Conferred by Wheat Multiple Pathogen Resistance Locus, , Include Cell Death in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

The wheat locus confers partial resistance to four biotrophic pathogens: wheat stem rust ( f. sp. ), leaf rust (), stripe rust ( f.

Transfer of stem rust resistance gene SrB from Thinopyrum ponticum into wheat and development of a closely linked PCR-based marker.

We report transfer of a rust resistance gene named SrB, on the 6Ae#3 chromosome, to wheat by recombination with the 6Ae#1 segment carrying Sr26 and development of a linked marker. A stem rust resistance gene from a South African wheat W3757, temporarily named SrB, has been transferred onto chromosome 6A. Line W3757 is a 6Ae#3 (6D) substitution line in which the Thinopyrum ponticum chromosomes carry SrB.

A 12-Month Open-Label Extension Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate for Major Depressive Disorder in Adults.

Purpose/background: Psychostimulant augmentation is considered a potential treatment strategy for individuals with major depressive disorder who do not adequately respond to antidepressant monotherapy. The primary objective of this 12-month open-label extension study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) as augmentation therapy to an antidepressant in adults with major depressive disorder.

Methods/procedures: Eligible adults who completed 1 of 3 short-term antecedent LDX augmentation of antidepressant monotherapy studies were treated with dose-optimized LDX (20-70 mg) for up to 52 weeks while continuing on the index antidepressant (escitalopram, sertraline, venlafaxine extended-release, or duloxetine) assigned during the antecedent short-term studies.

Healthcare professionals' perceptions on the emotional impact of having an inadequate response to antidepressant medications: survey and prospective patient audit.

Background: Despite the availability of effective antidepressants, about half of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) display an inadequate response to their initial treatment. A large patient survey recently reported that 29.8% of MDD patients experiencing an inadequate treatment response felt frustrated about their medication and 19.

Understanding the emotions of patients with inadequate response to antidepressant treatments: results of an international online survey in patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Evidence suggests that nearly half of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not achieve an adequate response to antidepressant treatments (ADTs), which impacts patients' functioning, quality of life (QoL), and well-being. This patient survey aimed to better understand patient perspectives on the emotional impact of experiencing an inadequate response to ADTs.

Methods: An online survey was conducted in 6 countries with respondents diagnosed with MDD and experiencing an inadequate response to ADTs.

Loss of by somatic exchange in stem rust leads to virulence for resistance in wheat.

Race-specific resistance genes protect the global wheat crop from stem rust disease caused by f. sp. () but are often overcome owing to evolution of new virulent races of the pathogen.

[Side effects of psychotropic medication: Suggestions for clinical practice].

Psychotropics are highly effective medications that, however, have adverse drug reactions attached to them. They are indispensable for many patients. How to cope with side effects - watchful waiting, dose reduction, change of medication, addition of an "antidote" and behavioural modifications - depends on their nature, severity and finally the patients wish.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate augmentation for major depressive disorder in adults with inadequate response to antidepressant therapy.

Background: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated dose-response relationships of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate when used as augmentation for major depressive disorder in individuals exhibiting inadequate responses to antidepressant monotherapy.

Methods: Eligible adults (18-65 years) were assigned to antidepressant monotherapy (escitalopram or venlafaxine extended-release) plus lisdexamfetamine dimesylate-matching placebo during an eight-week single-blind lead-in phase. Participants meeting randomization criteria were randomized (1:1:1:1:1) to eight weeks of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (10, 30, 50, or 70 mg) or placebo while maintaining antidepressant therapy.

Generation of Loss-of-Function Mutants for Wheat Rust Disease Resistance Gene Cloning.

One of the most important tools to identify and validate rust resistance gene function is by producing loss-of-function mutants. Mutants can be produced using irradiation, chemicals, and insertions. Among all the mutagens, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and sodium azide are most favored because of the ease of use and generation of random point mutations in the genome.