Feasibility and Preliminary Effectiveness of the INSPIRE Pilot Study for Adolescent Girls.

Introduction: This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the Intervention to Support Physical Activity Independence and Routine Everyday program.

Method: This quasi-experimental single-group pretest/posttest study included adolescent girls (n = 15) who received a Fitbit Inspire 2 wearable activity tracker and participated in the seven-week Intervention to Support Physical Activity Independence and Routine Everyday program on a college campus in the Midwest. Feasibility outcomes included intervention participation, fidelity, and satisfaction.

Endometriosis: A Malignant Fingerprint.

Background: Endometriosis is complex, but identifying the novel biomarkers, inflammatory molecules, and genetic links holds the key to the enhanced detection, prediction and treatment of both endometriosis and endometriosis related malignant neoplasia. Here we review the literature relating to the specific molecular mechanism(s) mediating tumorigenesis arising within endometriosis.

Methods: Guidance (e.

Optical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of hybrid graphene/carbon nanotube films.

By combining a graphene layer and aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) sheets in two different configurations, i) graphene on the top of MWNTs and ii) MWNTs on the top of the graphene, it is demonstrated that optical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of the resulting hybrid films depend on configurations.

The role of surface oxygen in the growth of large single-crystal graphene on copper.

The growth of high-quality single crystals of graphene by chemical vapor deposition on copper (Cu) has not always achieved control over domain size and morphology, and the results vary from lab to lab under presumably similar growth conditions. We discovered that oxygen (O) on the Cu surface substantially decreased the graphene nucleation density by passivating Cu surface active sites. Control of surface O enabled repeatable growth of centimeter-scale single-crystal graphene domains.

Graphene synthesis via magnetic inductive heating of copper substrates.

Scaling graphene growth using an oven to heat large substrates becomes less energy efficient as system size is increased. We report a route to graphene synthesis in which radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields inductively heat metal foils, yielding graphene of quality comparable to or higher than that of current chemical vapor deposition techniques. RF induction heating allows for rapid temperature ramp up/down, with great potential for large scale and rapid manufacturing of graphene with much better energy efficiency.

Improved electrical conductivity of graphene films integrated with metal nanowires.

Polycrystalline graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on metals and transferred onto arbitrary substrates has line defects and disruptions such as wrinkles, ripples, and folding that adversely affect graphene transport properties through the scattering of the charge carriers. It is found that graphene assembled with metal nanowires (NWs) dramatically decreases the resistance of graphene films. Graphene/NW films with a sheet resistance comparable to that of the intrinsic resistance of graphene have been obtained and tested as a transparent electrode replacing indium tin oxide films in electrochromic (EC) devices.

Reducing extrinsic performance-limiting factors in graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition.

Field-effect transistors fabricated on graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) often exhibit large hysteresis accompanied by low mobility, high positive backgate voltage corresponding to the minimum conductivity point (V(min)), and high intrinsic carrier concentration (n(0)). In this report, we show that the mobility reported to date for CVD graphene devices on SiO(2) is limited by trapped water between the graphene and SiO(2) substrate, impurities introduced during the transfer process and adsorbates acquired from the ambient. We systematically study the origin of the scattering impurities and report on a process which achieves the highest mobility (μ) reported to date on large-area devices for CVD graphene on SiO(2): maximum mobility (μ(max)) of 7800 cm(2)/(V·s) measured at room temperature and 12,700 cm(2)/(V·s) at 77 K.

Transfer of CVD-grown monolayer graphene onto arbitrary substrates.

Reproducible dry and wet transfer techniques were developed to improve the transfer of large-area monolayer graphene grown on copper foils by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The techniques reported here allow transfer onto three different classes of substrates: substrates covered with shallow depressions, perforated substrates, and flat substrates. A novel dry transfer technique was used to make graphene-sealed microchambers without trapping liquid inside.

Domain (grain) boundaries and evidence of "twinlike" structures in chemically vapor deposited grown graphene.

Understanding and engineering the domain boundaries in chemically vapor deposited monolayer graphene will be critical for improving its properties. In this study, a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques including selected area electron diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and dark field (DF) TEM was used to study the boundary orientation angle distribution and the nature of the carbon bonds at the domain boundaries. This report provides an important first step toward a fundamental understanding of these domain boundaries.

Large-area graphene single crystals grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of methane on copper.

Graphene single crystals with dimensions of up to 0.5 mm on a side were grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition in copper-foil enclosures using methane as a precursor. Low-energy electron microscopy analysis showed that the large graphene domains had a single crystallographic orientation, with an occasional domain having two orientations.

Oxidation resistance of graphene-coated Cu and Cu/Ni alloy.

The ability to protect refined metals from reactive environments is vital to many industrial and academic applications. Current solutions, however, typically introduce several negative effects, including increased thickness and changes in the metal physical properties. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time the ability of graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition to protect the surface of the metallic growth substrates of Cu and Cu/Ni alloy from air oxidation.

Raman measurements of thermal transport in suspended monolayer graphene of variable sizes in vacuum and gaseous environments.

Using micro-Raman spectroscopy, the thermal conductivity of a graphene monolayer grown by chemical vapor deposition and suspended over holes with different diameters ranging from 2.9 to 9.7 μm was measured in vacuum, thereby eliminating errors caused by heat loss to the surrounding gas.

Graphene films with large domain size by a two-step chemical vapor deposition process.

The fundamental properties of graphene are making it an attractive material for a wide variety of applications. Various techniques have been developed to produce graphene and recently we discovered the synthesis of large area graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane on Cu foils. We also showed that graphene growth on Cu is a surface-mediated process and the films were polycrystalline with domains having an area of tens of square micrometers.

Graphene: Substrate preparation and introduction.

This technical note describes the transfer of continuous, single-layer, pristine graphene to standard Quantifoil TEM grids. We compare the transmission properties of pristine graphene substrates to those of graphene oxide and thin amorphous carbon substrates. Positively stained DNA imaged across amorphous carbon is typically indiscernible and requires metal shadowing for sufficient contrast.

Site-specific deposition of Au nanoparticles in CNT films by chemical bonding.

There has been no attempt to date to specifically modify the nodes in carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. If the nodes can be modified in favorable ways, the electrical and/or thermal and/or mechanical properties of the CNT networks could be improved. In an attempt to influence the performance as a transparent conductive film, gold nanoparticles capped with the amino acid cysteine (Au-CysNP) have been selectively attached at the nodes of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) networks.

Motor programming when sequencing multiple elements of the same duration.

Motor programming at the self-select paradigm was adopted in 2 experiments to examine the processing demands of independent processes. One process (INT) is responsible for organizing the internal features of the individual elements in a movement (e.g.

Random and blocked practice of movement sequences: differential effects on response structure and movement speed.

Three similar six-element key press sequences were practiced under blocked or random practice schedules with acquisition conducted on one day and retention and transfer on the next day. The task required participants to type, as quickly as possible, one of three 6-element sequences as observed on a computer monitor. In blocked practice, participants completed all practice in one repeated sequence before the next repeated sequence was introduced.

Programming and reprogramming sequence timing following high and low contextual interference practice.

Individuals practiced two unique discrete sequence production tasks that differed in their relative time profile in either a blocked or random practice schedule. Each participant was subsequently administered a "precuing" protocol to examine the cost of initially compiling or modifying the plan for an upcoming movement's relative timing. The findings indicated that, in general, random practice facilitated the programming of the required movement timing, and this was accomplished while exhibiting greater accuracy in movement production.

Learning to detect error in movement timing using physical and observational practice.

Three experiments assessed the possibility that a physical practice participant's ability to render appropriate movement timing estimates may be hindered compared to those who merely observed. Results from these experiments revealed that observers and physical practice participants executed and estimated the overall durations of movement sequences similarly and more accurately than those who were not privy to any previous practice. This was true for a case in which (a) the execution demands for the physical practice participant were relatively high when multiple movement sequences were practiced with a consistent relative time structure but different overall durations (Experiment 1) and (b) the execution demands were relatively modest when only a single sequential motor task was learned (Experiment 2).

Effects of repeated retention tests on learning a single timing task.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility that administering an initial retention test would influence any subsequent retention tests administered to the same participants. Participants performed 40 practice trials of a four-segment key-pressing task with a movement time goal of 925 ms. Participants were then administered either two retention tests (Day 1-Day 1 group, 10 min and 20 min after practice; Day 1-Day 2 group, 10 min and 24 hr after practice; Day 2-Day 2 group, 23 hr 50 min and 24 hr after practice) or one retention test (Day 1-Control group, 20 min after practice; Day 2-Control group, 24 hr after practice).

Changes in the incidental context impacts search but not loading of the motor buffer.

During a retention test, a change in the nature of the incidental contextual information present during training can have a deleterious impact on response selection by not activating particular subsets of information in memory that help direct the retrieval process. The present experiment addressed whether a change in the incidental context also impacted the completion of processes associated with loading and searching the motor buffer during motor programming. A self-select paradigm was used to describe the planning and execution of one- and four-element sequences that consisted of short and long duration key-presses.

Long-term motor programming improvements occur via concatenation of movement sequences during random but not during blocked practice.

According to S. T. Klapp (1995, 1996), extensive practice serves to induce the concatenation of multiple-element responses.