A new method for segmentation and analysis of bone callus in rodent fracture models using micro-CT.

Fracture burden has created a need to better understand bone repair processes under different pathophysiological states. Evaluation of structural and material properties of the mineralized callus, which is integral to restoring biomechanical stability is, therefore, vital. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) can facilitate noninvasive imaging of fracture repair, however, current methods for callus segmentation are only semiautomated, restricted to defined regions, time/labor intensive, and prone to user variation.

Fracture-induced pain-like behaviours in a femoral fracture mouse model.

Unlabelled: This study is the first comprehensive characterisation of the pain phenotype after fracture using both evoked and naturalistic behaviours in adult male and ovariectomised female mice. It also shows that an anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) therapy could be considered to reduce pain after fracture surgery.

Introduction: Bone fractures are common due to the ageing population and very painful even after healing.

Osteoarthritis-related nociceptive behaviour following mechanical joint loading correlates with cartilage damage.

Objective: In osteoarthritis (OA), the pain-structure relationship remains complex and poorly understood. Here, we used the mechanical joint loading (MJL) model of OA to investigate both knee pathology and nociceptive behaviour.

Design: MJL was used to induce OA in the right knees of 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (40 cycles, 9N, 3x/week for 2 weeks).

In vivo characterization of distinct modality-specific subsets of somatosensory neurons using GCaMP.

Mechanistic insights into pain pathways are essential for a rational approach to treating this vast and increasing clinical problem. Sensory neurons that respond to tissue damage (nociceptors) may evoke pain sensations and are typically classified on the basis of action potential velocity. Electrophysiological studies have suggested that most of the C-fiber nociceptors are polymodal, responding to a variety of insults.

The influence of coastal access on isotope variation in Icelandic arctic foxes.

To quantify the ecological effects of predator populations, it is important to evaluate how population-level specializations are dictated by intra- versus inter-individual dietary variation. Coastal habitats contain prey from the terrestrial biome, the marine biome and prey confined to the coastal region. Such habitats have therefore been suggested to better support predator populations compared to habitats without coastal access.

Effects of kinesio tape compared with nonelastic sports tape and the untaped ankle during a sudden inversion perturbation in male athletes.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Objectives: To examine the effect of 2 adhesive tape conditions compared to a no-tape condition on muscle activity of the fibularis longus during a sudden inversion perturbation in male athletes (soccer, team handball, basketball).

Background: Ankle sprains are common in sports, and the fibularis muscles play a role in providing functional stability of the ankle.

Genomic, transcriptional and mutational analysis of the mouse microphthalmia locus.

Mouse microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf) mutations affect the development of four cell types: melanocytes, mast cells, osteoclasts, and pigmented epithelial cells of the eye. The mutations are phenotypically diverse and can be arranged in an allelic series. In humans, MITF mutations cause Waardenburg syndrome type 2A (WS2A) and Tietz syndrome, autosomal dominant disorders resulting in deafness and hypopigmentation.

Mutations determining generalized resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in Escherichia coli.

Mutations conferring resistance to low levels of kanamycin in Escherichia coli have been mapped at 3 locations: the unc locus (min. 83), a locus we have designated kanA (MIN. 72), close to strA (rpsL), and a locus at min.

Deletions of ribosomal protein genes in Escherichia coli merodiploids heterozygous for resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin.

In a merodiploid strain of Escherichia coli heterozygous for the ribosomal protein genes spc and str, deletions were observed preventing the expression of either gene but permitting the expression of the other. This suggests that the spc and str genes are in separate transcriptional units.