Lugol's solution and Gentian violet eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in skin wound infections.

The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Lugol's solution 5% and Gentian violet 1% against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm in vivo. The bactericidal efficacy for treatment of MRSA-biofilm skin wound infection was tested in a murine model. Luciferase-tagged S.

From 3D printing to 3D bioprinting: the material properties of polymeric material and its derived bioink for achieving tissue specific architectures.

The application of 3D printing technologies fields for biological tissues, organs, and cells in the context of medical and biotechnology applications requires a significant amount of innovation in a narrow printability range. 3D bioprinting is one such way of addressing critical design challenges in tissue engineering. In a more general sense, 3D printing has become essential in customized implant designing, faithful reproduction of microenvironmental niches, sustainable development of implants, in the capacity to address issues of effective cellular integration, and long-term stability of the cellular constructs in tissue engineering.

Bioactive glass S53P4 eradicates in biofilm/planktonic states .

Increasing antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics is a substantial health threat. Bioactive glass S53P4 (BAG) has an antimicrobial effect that can reduce the use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of BAG on staphylococci in biofilm and in planktonic form.

A New, Promising Experimental Ossicular Prosthesis: A Human Temporal Bone Study With Laser Doppler Vibrometry.

Objective: We compared the sound transmission using different types of total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORP); we then studied the performance of a new TORP that we designed inspired by the columella, the single ossicle found in birds.

Methods: Stapedial vibrations were measured on nine freshly frozen human temporal bones with laser Doppler vibrometry. We then compared the performances of eight common TORP positions or designs as well as the new silver prototype of bird-type prosthesis, designed also according to our digital holography patterns of the human tympanic membrane (TM).

Evaluation of Artificial Fixation of the Incus and Malleus With Minimally Invasive Intraoperative Laser Vibrometry (MIVIB) in a Temporal Bone Model.

Background: A significant number of adults suffer from conductive hearing loss due to chronic otitis media, otosclerosis, or other pathologies. An objective measurement of ossicular mobility is needed to avoid unnecessarily invasive middle ear surgery and to improve hearing outcomes.

Methods: Minimally invasive intraoperative laser vibrometry provides a method that is compatible with middle ear surgery, where the tympanic membrane is elevated.

Surgery for Chronic Otitis Media Causes Greater Taste Disturbance Than Surgery for Otosclerosis.

Objectives: Patients with otosclerosis more often complain about postoperative taste disturbance than patients with chronic otitis media, which seems paradoxical. We aim to investigate if and potentially why this seems to be the case, since the chorda tympani nerve (CTN) is thought to be severely traumatized less frequently during surgery in the former than in the latter.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Transcription and microRNA Profiling of Cultured Human Tympanic Membrane Epidermal Keratinocytes.

The human tympanic membrane (TM) has a thin outer epidermal layer which plays an important role in TM homeostasis and ear health. The specialised cells of the TM epidermis have a different physiology compared to normal skin epidermal keratinocytes, displaying a dynamic and constitutive migration that maintains a clear TM surface and assists in regeneration. Here, we characterise and compare molecular phenotypes in keratinocyte cultures from TM and normal skin.

Tympanic Membrane Derived Stem Cell-Like Cultures for Tissue Regeneration.

Epidermal cells with stem cell-like characteristics have been identified in the tympanic membrane (TM) and localized specifically to the umbo and annulus regions. While they have been proposed to play a role in the regeneration of both acute and chronic TM perforations, evidence for the mechanism and regulation of their contribution is not yet described. Indeed, the behavior of these putative stem cells is largely unknown, in part due to a lack of refined methods for efficient cell isolation.

A randomized study of four different types of tympanostomy ventilation tubes - Full-term follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of tympanostomy ventilation tube material (silicone vs fluoroplastic) and shape (short vs long) regarding time to extrusion, occurrence of otorrhea, occlusion, tube removal and occurrence of persistent perforation.

Methods And Material: Four different types of ventilation tubes were used; Long Armstrong tubes, Donaldson tubes, Shepard tubes and straight tubes, representing four specific combinations of VT material (silicone or fluoroplastic) and shape (short, double flanged or long, single flanged). Four hundred children scheduled for bilateral tube insertion were included in a randomized trial.

An Optimal Partial Ossicular Prosthesis Should Connect Both to the Tympanic Membrane and Malleus: A Temporal Bone Study Using Laser Doppler Vibrometry.

Objective: To compare stapes vibrations in different partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) applications.

Methods: Stapedial vibrations were measured on fresh frozen human temporal bones with laser Doppler vibrometry. Eight different types of common ossiculoplasty methods were compared regarding recovery of stapes vibrations in relation with the normal ossicular chain.

Lugol's solution eradicates Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vitro.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Lugol's solution, acetic acid, and boric acid against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.

Methods: The efficacy of Lugol's solution 1%, 0.1%, and 0.

Minimally invasive laser vibrometry (MIVIB) with a floating mass transducer - A new method for objective evaluation of the middle ear demonstrated on stapes fixation.

Ossicular fixation through otosclerosis, chronic otitis media and other pathologies, especially tympanosclerosis, are treated by surgery if hearing aids fail as an alternative. However, the best hearing outcome is often based on knowledge of the degree and location of the fixation. Objective methods to quantify the degree and position of the fixation are largely lacking.

Clinical and audiological short-term and long-term outcomes of fat graft myringoplasty.

Introduction: Results of fat graft myringoplasty are often reported with only short-term follow-up. Audiological results are less commonly reported, as well as long-term follow-up results.

Materials And Methods: One hundred consecutive patients scheduled for fat graft myringoplasty were included in a prospective cohort study.

Effects of mechanical trauma to the human tympanic membrane: an experimental study using transmission electron microscopy.

Hypothesis: To examine the cellular events following induced superficial lesions of the human tympanic membrane (TM). Such information could lead to enhanced appreciation of repair mechanisms and novel strategies to restore TM perforations.

Background: Persistent perforation of the TM in chronic otitis media is a major global health problem and frequently necessitates surgical intervention.

Rat model of chronic tympanic membrane perforation: A longitudinal histological evaluation of underlying mechanisms.

Objective: To evaluate histologically the progressive development and underlying mechanisms of chronic tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) in a rat model using a two-weeks ventilation tube (VT) treatment combined with topical application of mitomycin C/dexamethasone (VT-M/D), compared with normal tympanic membrane and acute TMPs.

Methods: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: a normal control group (n = 5), an acute TMP group (n = 5) (i.e.

Paracrine Activity from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on In Vitro Wound Healing in Human Tympanic Membrane Keratinocytes.

Stem cell therapies for tympanic membrane repair have shown initial experimental success using mesenchymal stem cells in rat models to promote healing; however, the mechanisms providing this benefit are not known. We investigated in vitro the paracrine effects of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on wound healing mechanisms for human tympanic membrane-derived keratinocytes (hTM) and immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). ADSC conditioned media (CM) were assessed for paracrine activity on keratinocyte proliferation and migration, with hypoxic conditions for ADSC culture used to generate contrasting effects on cytokine gene expression.

A randomized study of four different types of tympanostomy ventilation tubes - One-year follow-up.

Objective: To compare four different types of tympanostomy ventilation tubes (VT); long-shaft and short-shaft silicone tubes and long-shaft and short-shaft fluoroplastic tubes, regarding time to extrusion and events of otorrhea.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial in children with bilateral recurrent acute otitis media or secretory otitis media; four hundred children were randomized to receive one type of VT in the right ear and another type in the left ear. Postoperatively the children were assessed every third month by an otolaryngologist to monitor the incidence of otorrhea and tube extrusion.

Taste disturbance after stapes surgery: an evaluation of frequency, severity, duration, and quality-of-life.

Conclusion: The incidence of taste disturbance after stapes surgery is high (61.9%), whereas the majority (94.8%) recovers within 1 year.

Comparative acoustic performance and mechanical properties of silk membranes for the repair of chronic tympanic membrane perforations.

The acoustic and mechanical properties of silk membranes of different thicknesses were tested to determine their suitability as a repair material for tympanic membrane perforations. Membranes of different thickness (10-100μm) were tested to determine their frequency response and their resistance to pressure loads in a simulated ear canal model. Their mechanical rigidity to pressure loads was confirmed by tensile testing.

Ossiculoplasty on Isolated Malleus Fractures: A Human Temporal Bone Study Using Laser Doppler Vibrometry.

Hypothesis: In the literature several surgical methods have been reported that aim to improve hearing in patients with isolated malleus fractures; however, it is still not clear which method gives the best results.

Background: In this study, laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) was used to compare the outcome of different surgical methods on malleus fractures in fresh frozen human temporal bones.

Methods: Fractured malleus shafts of defrosted human temporal bones were repaired with bone cement, with a malleus prosthesis from cortical bone, or with a partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) from cortical bone, and LDV measurements were obtained for analysis.

Intraoperative assessment of ossicular fixation.

Determining the degree of ossicular fixation is a difficult task, with the final assessment often being made with manual palpation during exploratory tympanotomy. A more objective method to evaluate ossicular fixation would be valuable. In this paper we describe a new method which makes use of a magnet and coil to measure ossicular motion through the ear canal with an elevated tympanic membrane.

Rat model of chronic tympanic membrane perforation: Ventilation tube with mitomycin C and dexamethasone.

Objective: Chronic tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) in a clinical setting may attract surgical intervention. With the advent of modern biomaterials, new options are available for myringoplasty but safety and efficacy need evaluation in a chronic TMP animal model. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ventilation tube (VT) insertion in conjunction with topical application of mitomycin C/dexamethasone (M/D) for the creation of chronic TMP in rats.