Treatment with endotracheal therapeutics after sarin microinstillation inhalation exposure increases blood cholinesterase levels in guinea pigs.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured in the blood and tissues of animals that are treated with a number of endotracheally aerosolized therapeutics for protection against inhalation toxicity to sarin. Therapeutics included, aerosolized atropine methyl bromide (AMB), scopolamine or combination of AMB with salbutamol, sphingosine 1-phosphate, keratinocyte growth factor, adenosine A1 receptor antisense oligonucleotide (EPI2010), 2,3-diacetyloxybenzoic acid (2,3 DABA), oxycyte, and survanta. Guinea pigs exposed to 677.

Aerosolized scopolamine protects against microinstillation inhalation toxicity to sarin in guinea pigs.

Sarin is a volatile nerve agent that has been used in the Tokyo subway attack. Inhalation is predicted to be the major route of exposure if sarin is used in war or terrorism. Currently available treatments are limited for effective postexposure protection against sarin under mass casualty scenario.

Acute microinstillation inhalation exposure to sarin induces changes in respiratory dynamics and functions in guinea pigs.

This study investigates the toxic effects of sarin on respiratory dynamics following microinstillation inhalation exposure in guinea pigs. Animals are exposed to sarin for 4 minutes, and respiratory functions are monitored at 4 hours and 24 hours by whole-body barometric plethysmography. Data show significant changes in respiratory dynamics and function following sarin exposure.

Post-exposure treatment with nasal atropine methyl bromide protects against microinstillation inhalation exposure to sarin in guinea pigs.

We evaluated the protective efficacy of nasal atropine methyl bromide (AMB) which does not cross the blood-brain barrier against sarin inhalation exposure. Age and weight matched male guinea pigs were exposed to 846.5 mg/m(3) sarin using a microinstillation inhalation exposure technique for 4 min.

Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid acetylcholinesterase levels following microinstillation inhalation exposure to sarin in Guinea pigs.

We determined acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following inhalation exposure to chemical threat nerve agent (CTNA) sarin. Age- and weight-matched male guinea pigs were exposed to five different doses of sarin (169.3, 338.

Assays and properties of the Arf GAPs AGAP1, ASAP1, and Arf GAP1.

ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) are Ras-like GTP-binding proteins that regulate membrane traffic and actin remodeling. Arf function requires GTP hydrolysis but Arf lacks GTPase activity; consequently, Arf function is dependent on Arf GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The Arf GAPs are a structurally diverse group of at least 16 proteins.

Regulation of ASAP1 by phospholipids is dependent on the interface between the PH and Arf GAP domains.

ASAP1 is an Arf GAP with a PH domain immediately N-terminal to the catalytic Arf GAP domain. PH domains are thought to regulate enzymes by binding to specific phosphoinositide lipids in membranes, thereby recruiting the enzyme to a site of action. Here, we have examined the functional relationship between the PH and Arf GAP domains.