Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Risk of Colorectal and Prostate Cancer Incidence in Men.

Introduction: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the risk of colorectal and prostate cancer in men.

Methods: Data from men who completed a health assessment both in military conscription in youth and an occupational health profile assessment (HPA) later in life were used. CRF was assessed as estimated V̇O, using a cycle ergometer fitness test at both time points.

In or out of reach? Long-term trends in the reach of health assessments in the Swedish occupational setting.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the reach of a large-scale health assessment delivered by the occupational health service in Sweden for almost 30 years.

Methods: A total of 418 286 individuals who participated in a health assessment (Health Profile Assessment, HPA) between 1995-2021 were included. A comparative sample was obtained from Statistics Sweden, comprising the entire working population for each year (4 962 127-6 011 829 unique individuals per time period).

Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Cerebrovascular Disease.

Introduction: High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been associated with a lower risk of depression, anxiety, and cerebrovascular disease. The aim was to explore CRF changes over-time associated with these outcomes.

Methods: This large-scale prospective cohort study, using data from Swedish population-wide registries and databases (during 1972-2020), included men (n=131,431), with measures of estimated CRF (estCRF) in late adolescence (maximal cycle test) and adulthood (submaximal cycle test) (mean years between 24.

Cardiorespiratory fitness in midlife and subsequent incident depression, long-term sickness absence, and disability pension due to depression in 330,247 men and women.

Objective: Specific information for whom and when cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with depression risk is lacking. We aimed to study the association between adulthood CRF and incident depression, long-term sickness absence, and disability pension due to depression, as well as examine moderation of sex, age, education, and occupation on associations.

Methods: A large prospective cohort study follows participants over time with Swedish occupational health screenings data.

Association between change in cardiorespiratory fitness and prostate cancer incidence and mortality in 57 652 Swedish men.

Objectives: To examine the associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood and prostate cancer incidence and mortality.

Methods: In this prospective study, men who completed an occupational health profile assessment including at least two valid submaximal CRF tests, performed on a cycle ergometer, were included in the study. Data on prostate cancer incidence and mortality were derived from national registers.

Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cancer Incidence and Cancer-Specific Mortality of Colon, Lung, and Prostate Cancer Among Swedish Men.

Importance: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels appear to be an important risk factor for cancer incidence and death.

Objectives: To examine CRF and prostate, colon, and lung cancer incidence and mortality in Swedish men, and to assess whether age moderated any associations between CRF and cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a population of men who completed an occupational health profile assessment between October 1982 and December 2019 in Sweden.

The role of domain-specific and domain-general cognitive functions and skills in sports performance: A meta-analysis.

Cognition plays a key role in sports performance. This meta-analytic review synthesizes research that examined the relationship between cognitive functions, skills, and sports performance. We identified literature by searching Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Bidirectional Within- and Between-Person Relations Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function.

Objectives: To examine bidirectional within- and between-person relations between physical activity and cognitive function across 15 years.

Methods: Participants (N = 1,722, age range 40-85 years, 55% women) were drawn from the Betula prospective cohort study. We included 4 waves of data.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle on severe COVID-19 risk in 279,455 adults: a case control study.

Background: The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other lifestyle-related factors on severe COVID-19 risk is understudied. The present study aims to investigate lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors as possible predictors of COVID-19, with special focus on CRF, and to further study whether these factors may attenuate obesity- and hypertension-related risks, as well as mediate associations between socioeconomic factors and severe COVID-19 risk.

Methods: Out of initially 407,131 participants who participated in nationwide occupational health service screening between 1992 and 2020, n = 857 cases (70% men, mean age 49.

Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health in Light of the Two COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Sweden, 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health emergency of international concern, which may have affected lifestyle habits and mental health. Based on national health profile assessments, this study investigated perceived changes of lifestyle habits in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and associations between perceived lifestyle changes and mental health in Swedish working adults. Among 5599 individuals (50% women, 46.

Going web or staying paper? The use of web-surveys among older people.

Background: Web-surveys are increasingly used in population studies. Yet, web-surveys targeting older individuals are still uncommon for various reasons. However, with younger cohorts approaching older age, the potentials for web-surveys among older people might be improved.

Physical activity and cognitive function: between-person and within-person associations and moderators.

In the present study, we decomposed between- and within-person effects and examined moderators of the longitudinal physical activity-cognition association. Participants (N = 1722) were drawn from the Betula study and we included four waves of data across 15 years. Bayesian multilevel modeling showed that self-reported physical activity did not predict changes in cognitive function.

Latent profile analysis patterns of exercise, sitting and fitness in adults - Associations with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms.

Aim: To identify and describe the characteristics of naturally occurring patterns of exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness, and the association of such profiles with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms.

Methods: 64,970 participants (42% women, 18-75 years) participating in an occupational health service screening in 2014-2018 were included. Exercise and sitting were self-reported.

Associations between physical activity and core affects within and across days: a daily diary study.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate (a) if daily physical activity at the within-person level is related to four different core affects the same evening, (b) if core affects in the evening predict physical activity the following day, and (c) if physical activity predicts core affects the following day.

Design: A total of 166 university students were asked to complete the affect and physical activity measures once a day (in the evening), for seven days. Bivariate unconditional latent curve model analyses with structured residuals were performed to investigate the relations within days and across days between the core affects and physical activity.

Towards an active and happy retirement? Changes in leisure activity and depressive symptoms during the retirement transition.

Retirement is a major life transition in the second half of life, and it can be associated with changes in leisure activity engagement. Although theories of retirement adjustment have emphasized the need to find meaningful activities in retirement, little is known about the nature of changes in leisure activity during the retirement transition and their association with mental health. Based on four annual waves of the 'Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden' study, we investigated the longitudinal association of leisure activity engagement and depressive symptoms using bivariate dual change score models.

Latent Cognitive Profiles Differ Between Incipient Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Subcortical Vascular Lesions in a Memory Clinic Population.

Background: It is unclear if latent cognitive profiles can distinguish between dementia with subcortical vascular lesions and Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the incipient stage, and if they differ in performance from the Petersen subtypes.

Objective: To identify latent cognitive profiles in a naturalistic population of patients from a memory clinic sample, and investigate the derived classes not only in terms of conversion to AD, but also in terms of conversion to dementia with subcortical vascular lesions. Another objective was to compare the derived classes to the Petersen subtypes.

The role of personality in retirement adjustment: Longitudinal evidence for the effects on life satisfaction.

Objective: Research on retirement suggests that personality can influence the adjustment process, but the mechanisms involved remain still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate direct and indirect associations between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction over the retirement transition. Indirect effects were evaluated through the role of personality for levels and changes in self-esteem, autonomy, social support, self-rated physical health, self-rated cognitive ability, and financial satisfaction.

Association of change in physical activity associated with change in sleep complaints: results from a six-year longitudinal study with Swedish health care workers.

Objective: To increase our understanding of patterns of change in physical activity and sleep complaints and to test whether intra-individual changes in physical activity are correlated with intra-individual changes in sleep complaints across four measurement time-points over six years, adopting both a between-person and within-person perspective.

Methods: Data from a longitudinal cohort study were used in this research. At baseline, 3187 participants took part in the study (86% women, M = 46.

Effects of an Empowerment-Based Health-Promotion School Intervention on Physical Activity and Sedentary Time among Adolescents in a Multicultural Area.

Physical activity (PA) decreases with age, and interventions are needed to promote PA during adolescence, especially, among those in low-socioeconomic status (SES) areas. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a two-year, empowerment-based health-promotion school intervention had any effects on changes in (a) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), (b) sedentary time (SED), (c) exercise training (ET) frequency, and (d) ET duration, among adolescents. Participants (aged 12⁻13 years at baseline) from one intervention school and two control schools, were recruited from a multicultural area of Sweden, characterized by low-SES.

Short report: moderations in exercise motivation - gender and age moderates the relations of motivation quality and exercise behavior.

Aims: Self-determined motivation has been found to be an important predictor of exercise behavior. Findings on gender and age differences are however mixed and previous research has called for studies to examine gender and age as potential moderating factors as they might influence how motivation quality affects exercise behavior.

Methods: Embedded in a controlled trial of a digital intervention aiming to promote exercise motivation, this study examined specific (longitudinal) pathways related to motivation quality, psychological need satisfaction and exercise behavior within the self-determination theory (SDT) process model in a sample of 318 adult employees.

Presenteeism, stress resilience, and physical activity in older manual workers: a person-centred analysis.

This study used a person-centred approach to explore typologies of older manual workers based on presenteeism, stress resilience, and physical activity. Older manual workers ( = 217; 69.1% male; age range 50-77; age = 57.

Psychological Health in the Retirement Transition: Rationale and First Findings in the HEalth, Ageing and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) Study.

From an aging research and life-course perspective, the transition to retirement marks a significant life-event and provides a unique opportunity to study psychological health and coping during a period of substantial change in everyday life. The aim of the present paper is to: (a) outline the rationale of the HEalth, Ageing and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, (b) describe the study sample, and (c) to present some initial results from the two first waves regarding the association between retirement status and psychological health. The HEARTS study is designed to annually study psychological health in the years before and following retirement, and to examine change and stability patterns related to the retirement event.

Mindfulness Mechanisms in Sports: Mediating Effects of Rumination and Emotion Regulation on Sport-Specific Coping.

The main objective of the project was to examine a proposed theoretical model of mindfulness mechanisms in sports. We conducted two studies (the first study using a cross-sectional design and the second a longitudinal design) to investigate if rumination and emotion regulation mediate the relation between dispositional mindfulness and sport-specific coping. Two hundred and forty-two young elite athletes, drawn from various sports, were recruited for the cross-sectional study.

Stirring the motivational soup: within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles.

Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles.

Fitness Moderates the Relationship between Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

Purpose: This cross-sectional observational study examined the degree to which cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and self-perceived stress are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and the overall risk score for cardiovascular diseases. The second aim was to determine whether participants' CRF levels moderate the relationships between stress and cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: A gender-matched stratified sample (N = 197, 51% men, Mage = 39.