Perioperative estimations of oxygen consumption from LiDCO™plus-derived cardiac output and Ca-cvO2 difference: Relationship with measurements by indirect calorimetry in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Background: Feasible estimations of perioperative changes in oxygen consumption (VO2) could enable larger studies of its role in postoperative outcomes. Current methods, either by reverse Fick calculations using pulmonary artery catheterisation or metabolic by breathing gas analysis, are often deemed too invasive or technically requiring. In addition, reverse Fick calculations report generally lower values of oxygen consumption.

Longitudinal development of hand use in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy from 18 months to 18 years.

Aim: To describe the development of the use of the affected hand in bimanual tasks in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) from 18 months to 18 years. Specifically, whether early development can be confirmed in a larger cohort and how development progresses during adolescence.

Method: In total, 171 participants (95 males, 76 females; mean age 3 years 1 month [SD 3 years 8 months], range 18 months-16 years at inclusion) were classified in Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels I (n = 41), II (n = 91), and III (n = 39).

Kidney volume, kidney function, and ambulatory blood pressure in children born extremely preterm with and without nephrocalcinosis.

Background: Reduced kidney volume (KV) following prematurity is a proxy for reduced nephron number and is associated with the development of hypertension and end-stage renal disease in adults. We investigated whether extreme prematurity affects KV, function, and blood pressure in school-aged children and if nephrocalcinosis (NC) developed during the neonatal period had additional effects.

Methods: We investigated 60 children at a mean age of 7.

Posttraumatic growth and depreciation six years after the 2004 tsunami.

: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) has been reported after various types of potentially traumatic events, as a part of the personal recovery process among survivors. Even negative changes in survivors' life view, known as posttraumatic depreciation (PTD), have been identified as an additional aspect in the personal recovery processes. : To examine how the type of exposure experienced by survivors of a natural disaster, the 2004 Southeast Asia tsunami, influenced self-reported PTG and PTD six years later (T2).

A Theory-Based Study of Factors Explaining General Practitioners' Intention to Use and Participation in Electronic Continuing Medical Education.

Introduction: Electronic modes of continuing medical education (eCME) can provide an appropriate and scalable way of updating the knowledge and skills of general practitioners (GPs). To optimize the adoption of eCME and develop efficient and cost-effective eCME programs, factors explaining GPs' intention to use eCME must first be elucidated.

Methods: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework, we developed a questionnaire and administered it to GPs in seven CME seminars in Isfahan, Iran, in 2014.

Diagnostic utility of musculoskeletal ultrasound in patients with suspected arthritis--a probabilistic approach.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the utility of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in patients with joint symptoms using a probabilistic approach.

Methods: One hundred and three patients without prior rheumatologic diagnosis and referred to our clinic for evaluation of inflammatory arthritis were included. Patients were assessed clinically including joint examination, laboratory testing including acute-phase reactants, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti citrulinated protein antibody (ACPA), and radiographs of hands and feet if clinically indicated.

Statin treatment reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma but not colon cancer-results from a nationwide case-control study in Sweden.

Background: Several studies have indicated that statins may have anticarcinogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate if statin treatment was associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or colon cancer.

Methods: A nationwide case-control study was carried out in which all cases of HCC and colon cancer in the Swedish population above 40 years of age between 1 July 2006 and 31 December 2010 were identified in the Swedish Cancer Register.

Relationship between work context and adherence to a clinical practice guideline for peripheral venous catheters among registered nurses in pediatric care.

Background: It is known that registered nurses' (RNs') work context is related to their use of research and that it can affect nurse and patient satisfaction, as well as the outcomes of care. However, little is known about the relationship between work context and nurses' adherence to clinical practice guidelines. The aim of this study was to describe RNs' adherence to a clinical practice guideline (CPG) on the management of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs), their perceptions of work context, and how nurses' work context and characteristics relate to guideline adherence.

Longitudinal course of physical and psychological symptoms after a natural disaster.

Background: After disaster, physical symptoms are common although seldom recognized due to lack of knowledge of the course of symptoms and relation to more studied psychological symptoms.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the change in the reporting of different physical symptoms after a disaster, including possible factors for change, and whether psychological symptoms predict physical symptoms reporting at a later point in time.

Method: A longitudinal study of citizens of Stockholm who survived the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.

Determinants in adolescence for adult sickness absence in women and men: a 26-year follow-up of a prospective population based cohort (Northern Swedish cohort).

Background: To date little is known regarding how factors measured in adolescence predict sickness absence in adulthood, and whether different patterns of factors exist for women and men that could contribute to an explanation of adult gender differences in sickness absence.

Methods: All pupils in the last year of compulsory school in the municipality of Luleå with complete information from surveys (questionnaires) in 1981 and 1983 (compulsory and upper-secondary schooling; 16 and 18 years of age, N=719) were followed with register data on medically certified sickness absence (1993-2007). Generalised linear models were applied to calculate Risk Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) comparing annual mean numbers of sickness absence spells in exposed versus unexposed groups.

Support, opinion of support and psychological health among survivors of a natural disaster.

Background: Although formal intervention after disasters is recommended, the evidence base for this is weak. Satisfaction with support after disasters is seldom investigated and the relation to psychological symptoms is unknown.

Aims: To investigate whether dissatisfaction with social and formalized support are associated with post-disaster psychological symptoms.

Childhood life events and psychological symptoms in adult survivors of the 2004 tsunami.

Background: Negative life events in childhood have an adverse influence on adult psychological health, and increase vulnerability to subsequent potential traumas. It remains unclear whether this is also true in the case of disasters.

Aim: This study investigates whether the experience of negative life events in childhood and adolescence was associated with psychological symptoms in groups of Swedish survivors with different types of exposure to the tsunami.

Psychological distress and sick leave in Swedish survivors of the 2004 tsunami: a comparison with a population sample.

Disaster studies of the effects of trauma exposure on subsequent psychological health have seldom used population comparisons. A total of 1463 tsunami survivors from Stockholm were categorized according to type of exposure, and compared on measures of General Health Questionnaire and sick leave, with a matched population-based sample of 12,045 individuals from the same region. Data from the survivor group were obtained through a postal questionnaire 14 months postdisaster.

The role of pain-mediating sensory nerves in histamine-induced inflammation of nasal mucosa.

Topical application of histamine on the nasal mucosa causes an inflammatory reaction with increased mucosal swelling and perfusion. In the nasal mucosa histamine receptors are found in the vascular epithelium and at free sensory nerve endings. The aim of this randomized double-blind placebo controlled study was to investigate if this inflammatory reaction to locally administered histamine was dependent upon the stimuli of pain-mediating sensory nerves, or if it mainly was the result of direct stimuli of the vascular epithelium.

Different types of exposure to the 2004 tsunami are associated with different levels of psychological distress and posttraumatic stress.

The impact of traumatic exposure on psychological distress and posttraumatic stress was investigated at 14 months through self-report in 1,505 Swedish tourists who survived the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Exposure, differentiated in single and multiple types, was associated with different levels of impaired mental health measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Additionally, having sole exposure to subjective life threat brought about specific psychological effects.

Tube associated otorrhea in children with recurrent acute otitis media; results of a prospective randomized study on bacteriology and topical treatment with or without systemic antibiotics.

Objective: To establish if otorrhea associated to tympanostomy tubes in infants suffering from recurrent acute otitis media is similar to acute otitis media, and if topical treatment alone is sufficient or if addition of systemic antibiotics is required.

Methods: Children under 3 years of age with tympanostomy tubes due to recurrent acute otitis media were recruited to the study. The study design was open label randomized and prospective.

Aire-deficient mice develop hematopoetic irregularities and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I) is an inherited recessive disorder with a progressive immunological destruction of many tissues including the adrenal cortex, the parathyroid glands, and the gonads. APS I is caused by mutations in the AIRE gene (autoimmune regulator), expressed in cells of the thymus and spleen, suggesting a role in central and peripheral tolerance. Aire(-/-) mice replicate the autoimmune features of APS I patients with the presence of multiple autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltrates in various tissues, but young mice appear clinically healthy.

Outcome of traumatic brain injuries in 1,508 patients: impact of prehospital care.

This article describes the outcome of 1,508 patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) treated in a single neurosurgical unit over an 8-year period. Our aim has been to compare those outcomes with our previous results and with other large patient series. Another important goal was to evaluate the effect of the introduction of a 4-year ongoing study initiated in January 1993 using a new strategy of prehospital care on postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS).