Spawning behavior of Arctic charr (): Spawning synchrony, vibrational communication, and mate guarding.

A mismatch in synchrony between male and female gamete release in external fertilizers can result in reduced or failed fertilization, sperm competition, and reduced paternity. In Arctic charr (), males can adopt either a guard or sneak tactic resulting in both pre- and postcopulatory competition between males with alternative reproduction tactics. Here, spawning behavior of free-living Arctic charr was video-recorded, and their reproductive behavior was analyzed.