Epidemiology of New Psychoactive Substances in Relation to Traditional Drugs of Abuse in Clinical Oral Fluid Samples.

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are health-hazardous through unpredictable toxicity and effects and largely unknown epidemiology, motivating studies of the latter. Up to 138 NPS were retrospectively identified using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry data from all 34 183 oral fluid drug samples collected in one Swedish health care region 2019-2020 representing 9468 psychiatric and addiction care patients. In total, 618 findings representing 58 NPS were detected in 481 samples from 201 patients.

Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Analysis of 58 Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid and Method Comparison with an Established LC-HRMS Method.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for detection of multiple drugs of abuse (DoA) in oral fluid (OF) samples are being implemented in many clinical routine laboratories. Therefore, there is a need to develop new multi-analyte methods with simple sample pre-treatment and short analysis times. The purpose of this work was to validate a method detecting 58 DoA to be used with two different OF sampling kits, the saliva collection system (SCS) from Greiner Bio-One and Quantisal from Immunalysis, using the same sample pretreatment and analytical method.

Bleeding in patients on concurrent treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) compared with SSRI or low-dose ASA alone-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: The aim of this study was to systematically review whether concurrent treatment with an SSRI and low-dose ASA increases the risk of bleeding compared with treatment with an SSRI alone or ASA alone.

Methods: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science (from database inception to January 2023) were searched according to PICO: P = patients on treatment with an SSRI and/or low-dose ASA; I = intervention: SSRI + ASA; C = comparison: ASA or SSRI alone; O = outcomes: bleeding/major bleeding. The included articles were assessed using checklists.

Retrospective identification of new psychoactive substances in patient samples submitted for clinical drug analysis.

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are life threatening through unpredictable toxicity and limited analytical options for clinicians. We present the retrospective identification of NPS in raw data from a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)-based multidrug panel analysis on 14 367 clinical oral fluid samples requested during 2019 mainly by psychiatric and addiction care clinics. Retrospectively analysed NPS included 48 notified originally in 2019 by the European Union Early Warning System (EU EWS) and 28 frequently reported in Sweden.

Rethinking Drug Analysis in Health Care: High-Throughput Analysis of 71 Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid Using Ion Mobility--High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

We have identified a clinical need for a sensitive, specific, flexible, comprehensive and affordable analytical technology to efficiently detect polydrug use. In addition, the current standard practice of surveilled urine sampling is uncomfortable for the patient; hence, more patient-friendly sample collection methods are requested. To fill these needs, we have developed and validated a high-throughput liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC--HRMS) method for the analysis of drugs of abuse (DoA) in oral fluid (OF).

Serum concentrations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics over the bariatric surgery procedure.

Purpose: As a substantial proportion of bariatric surgery patients use psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs, we investigated the impact of this procedure on serum concentrations.

Methods: In a naturalistic, longitudinal, prospective case series, we compared dose-adjusted trough concentrations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, or antiepileptics in consecutive patients before and after bariatric surgery. Adherence to treatment over 2 weeks preceding each sampling was considered.

Hitomi X-ray studies of Giant Radio Pulses from the Crab pulsar.

To search for giant X-ray pulses correlated with the giant radio pulses (GRPs) from the Crab pulsar, we performed a simultaneous observation of the Crab pulsar with the X-ray satellite Hitomi in the 2 - 300 keV band and the Kashima NICT radio observatory in the 1.4 - 1.7 GHz band with a net exposure of about 2 ks on 25 March 2016, just before the loss of the Hitomi mission.

Evaluation of B lymphocyte stimulator and a proliferation inducing ligand as candidate biomarkers in lupus nephritis based on clinical and histopathological outcome following induction therapy.

Objectives: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cells have a central role in the pathogenesis of SLE. B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) are pivotal in B cell homeostasis.

Use of and attitudes towards the prescribing guidelines booklet in primary health care doctors.

Background: In the region of Västra Götaland in Sweden, prescribing guidelines, drawn up by 24 expert groups and determined by the regional board for drugs, are since 2006 available in the form of an annually published booklet. This study investigates, for the first time, the use of and attitudes towards this publication.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered to doctors working in primary health care in the region of Västra Götaland in Sweden.

Novel route for elimination of brain oxysterols across the blood-brain barrier: conversion into 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid.

Recently, we demonstrated a net blood-to-brain passage of the oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol corresponding to 4-5 mg/day. As the steady-state levels of this sterol are only 1-2 mug/g brain tissue, we hypothesized that it is metabolized and subsequently eliminated from the brain. To explore this concept, we first measured the capacity of in vitro systems representing the major cell populations found in the brain to metabolize 27-hydroxycholesterol.

Rapid, endoplasmic reticulum-independent diffusion of the mitotic Golgi haze.

Early in mitosis, the mammalian Golgi apparatus disassembles, and fluorescence microscopy reveals Golgi clusters and an extensive, nonresolvable haze that either represents scattered vesicles or a merged endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi compartment. To help decide between these alternatives, we have carried out a combined microscopic and pharmacological analysis, by using a BS-C-1 cell line stably coexpressing ER and Golgi markers. Video fluorescence microscopy showed that these two organelles were morphologically distinguishable at all stages of mitosis, and photobleaching experiments showed that diffusion of the Golgi marker was unaffected by the presence of the ER.