Immune cells and checkpoints in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Association with clinical and pathological characteristics.

Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an extremely aggressive neoplasm, with many challenges to be overcome in order to achieve a truly effective treatment. It is characterized by a mostly immunosuppressed environment, with dysfunctional immune cells and active immunoinhibitory pathways that favor tumor evasion and progression. Thus, the study and understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the various cells subtypes and their functional capacities are essential to achieve more effective treatments, especially with the use of new immunotherapeutics.

Prognostic Role of PD-L1 Expression in Invasive Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been investigated in various types of cancer; however, the role of PD-L1 expression in breast cancer remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathological variables, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in invasive breast cancer. A total of 965 articles were included from CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases.

Effect of Ki-67 on Immunohistochemical Classification of Luminal A to Luminal B Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma.

It has recently been proposed to include an immunohistochemical marker of cell proliferation, Ki-67, as an element with which to classify the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the introduction of the Ki-67 marker on the molecular classification of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. This study was performed on 234 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast submitted to two immunohistochemical classification panels, one including Ki-67 and the other not.

Utility of Ki-67, CD10, CD34, p53, CD117, and mast cell content in the differential diagnosis of cellular fibroadenomas and in the classification of phyllodes tumors of the breast.

Adequate management of phyllodes tumors of the breast (PTB) remains a challenge because of the difficulty in correctly establishing preoperative diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Ki-67, CD10, CD34, p53, CD117, and of the number of mast cells in the differential diagnosis of benign PTB and cellular fibroadenomas (CFs) as well as in the grading of PTB. Fifty-one primary PTB and 14 CFs were examined by immunohistochemistry.