Quality-of-life before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with intra-oral injection phobia.

Objective: To evaluate quality-of-life (QoL), before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients diagnosed with intra-oral injection phobia according to DSM-IV and to compare with the general population. This study also aimed to evaluate if QoL was associated with self-reported injection anxiety, dental anxiety, time since last dental treatment and oral health.

Materials And Methods: Subjects were 55 patients (mean age 35.

Oral health and its influence on cognitive behavioral therapy in patients fulfilling the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for intra-oral injection phobia.

Objective: To describe self-perceived and clinically assessed oral health and oral treatment needs among intra-oral injection-phobic patients (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV) and to explore whether these factors have an impact on the outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Material And Methods: Fifty-five patients (43 women, mean age 32.5 years, range 18-62 years) were treated with short-duration CBT.

One- vs. five-session treatment of intra-oral injection phobia: a randomized clinical study.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of one and five sessions of treatment for intra-oral injection phobia in 55 subjects fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for specific phobia. The subjects were randomly assigned to one or five sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) performed by dentists. Assessments included behavioural tests and self-report instruments used pretreatment, post-treatment, and at 1 yr of follow-up.

Fear of blood, injury, and injections, and its relationship to dental anxiety and probability of avoiding dental treatment among 18-year-olds in Norway.

Background: More knowledge about the relationship between blood-injury-injection phobia (BIIP) and dental anxiety (DA) may give new clinically relevant information in the assessment and management of children with DA.

Objective: The aims of this study were to explore the relationships between BIIP and DA, and to explore to what extent the two subtypes of BIIP in combination with DA are related to self-reported probability of avoiding dental treatment if a dental injection is needed.

Methods: The subjects were a random sample of 1385 18-year-olds attending high schools in a county of Norway, and the data were collected by use of questionnaires completed in classrooms.

Oral health and oral treatment needs in patients fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for dental phobia: Possible influence on the outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy.

Objective: To describe oral health and oral treatment needs in a group of dental phobic patients (DSM-IV) and to explore possible relationships between these factors and changes in self-reported dental anxiety before and after phobia treatment.

Material And Methods: Forty patients (25 women) fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for specific phobia were included in the study. Mean age of the group was 34.

One- vs. five-session treatment of dental phobia: a randomized controlled study.

Unlabelled: Forty participants fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for dental phobia were randomly assigned to a waitlist group, one-session or five-session exposure treatment. Assessment occurred pre-, post-waitlist/treatment, and after 1 year. Mean avoidance of dental care before treatment was 11.

Psychological characteristics of Norwegian adolescents reporting no likelihood of visiting a dentist in a situation with toothache.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore and compare psychological characteristics in two groups of 18-year-old adolescents: (i) subjects reporting no likelihood of visiting the dentist in a situation with toothache (avoiders); and (ii) subjects who definitely would see the dentist in the same situation (non-avoiders).

Methods: The study included a representative sample (n = 1385) of 18-year-old adolescents attending high schools in the county of Hordaland, Norway. Data were collected by use of questionnaires completed in classrooms.

Dental and medical injections: prevalence of self-reported problems among 18-yr-old subjects in Norway.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported problems (fear, pain, unpleasantness, fainting) of dental and medical injections, and the extent to which such problems may lead to avoidance of necessary treatment. The study included a representative sample (n = 1385) of 18-yr-old students attending high schools in the county of Hordaland, Norway. Data were collected by use of questionnaires completed in the classrooms.

Factors related to satisfaction with dental care among 23-year olds in Norway.

Objectives: The aims of the present study were to explore (i) the prevalence and distribution of satisfaction with dental care among 23-year olds in Norway; and (ii) possible factors associated with the same variable.

Methods: A random sample of adolescents (n=968) surveyed at age 18 were resurveyed by post at the age of 23. The questionnaire included the psychometric instruments Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ), Dental Fear Survey (DFS), Dental Beliefs Survey (DBS), and the (WHO) Five Scale Psychological General Well-Being Schedule.

Reliability and validity of the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire in a population of 23-year-olds in Norway.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the internal structure, reliability, and construct validity of the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) in a population of young adults in Norway.

Methods: The DSQ scale was mailed to a representative sample of 968 subjects aged 23 years in two Norwegian counties. The reliability assessment of the instrument was based on internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha).

Gender-based differences in factors related to non-utilization of dental care in young Norwegians. A longitudinal study.

The present study had the following aims: (i): to evaluate the utilization of dental care among young adults during the age period from 18 to 23 yr; and (ii) to explore possible characteristics at the age of 18 yr that may predict non-utilization of dental care at the age of 23 yr. Respondents from a random sample of adolescents that had been surveyed at the age of 18 yr (n = 968) were surveyed again at the age of 23 yr. The data were based on (1) baseline data collected at the age 18 yr, and (2) a questionnaire mailed to the same subjects at the age of 23 yr.

General self-efficacy, dental anxiety and multiple fears among 20-year-olds in Norway.

This paper examines the extent to which low general self-efficacy and painful dental and medical experiences are related to dental anxiety, multiple fears and to avoidance of dental care. A total of 754 20-year-olds completed a series of questionnaires, including the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE), Geer Fear Scale (GFS) and Dental Fear Survey (DFS). Females had lower self-efficacy, higher dental anxiety and higher scores on the GFS than males.

Attentional and physiological characteristics of patients with dental anxiety.

Twenty patients with dental anxiety were investigated while seated in a dental chair in a dental clinic. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance level (SCL) were recorded while the patients were exposed to scenes of dental treatment as well as a Stroop attentional task. Results showed an attentional bias with longer manual reaction times (RT's) to the incongruent compared to the congruent color words as well as the threat compared to the neutral words.

Treatment of dental anxiety disorders. Outcome related to DSM-IV diagnoses.

In this study we evaluated treatment effects in 70 consecutively admitted patients in a specialized university clinic for treatment of dental fear. Thirty-three (47%) of the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for Specific Phobia alone (Dental Phobia, DP), 24 (33%) had severe dental anxiety without fulfilling the criteria for phobia (ND), and 13 (19%) fulfilled the criteria for multiple DSM-IV diagnoses (MD). Dental anxiety was measured prior to, immediately after and at follow-up (mean = 19 months) using Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale and Dental Fear Survey.