Bridging a Gap in Coherence: The Coordination of Comprehension Processes When Viewing Visual Narratives.

Scene Perception and Event Comprehension Theory (SPECT) posits that understanding picture stories depends upon a coordination of two processes: (1) integrating new information into the current event model that is coherent with it (i.e., mapping) and (2) segmenting experiences into distinct event models (i.

Quantitative melanoma diagnosis using spectral phasor analysis of hyperspectral imaging from label-free slices.

Introduction: Melanoma diagnosis traditionally relies on microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides by dermatopathologists to search for specific architectural and cytological features. Unfortunately, no single molecular marker exists to reliably differentiate melanoma from benign lesions such as nevi. This study explored the potential of autofluorescent molecules within tissues to provide molecular fingerprints indicative of degenerated melanocytes in melanoma.

Relationships between task awareness, comprehension strategies, and literacy outcomes.

Reading is typically guided by a task or goal (e.g., studying for a test, writing a paper).

Large Cheek Defect Reconstruction With a Rhomboid Flap and Burow's Advancement Flap After Excision of a Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Reconstruction of large surgical defects on the cheek can be challenging for dermatologic surgeons. We describe using a modified rhomboid flap and Burow's advancement flap to close a surgical defect resulting from the excision of a basal cell carcinoma measuring 10×10cm in the buccomandibular area of the cheek.

Modified keystone flap used to repair nose defect after Mohs micrographic surgery.

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a surgical technique used to remove skin tumors with a complete evaluation of the margins. The keystone flap technique is generally used to repair large surgical defects on limbs. We present a case where a modified keystone flap technique was used to close a large defect after Mohs micrographic surgery in a patient with a basal cell carcinoma on the nose.

Leveraging a multidimensional linguistic analysis of constructed responses produced by college readers.

The goal of this study was to assess the relationships between computational approaches to analyzing constructed responses made during reading and individual differences in the foundational skills of reading in college readers. We also explored if these relationships were consistent across texts and samples collected at different institutions and texts. The study made use of archival data that involved college participants who produced typed constructed responses under thinking aloud instructions reading history and science texts.

Narrative Comprehension Guides Eye Movements in the Absence of Motion.

Viewers' attentional selection while looking at scenes is affected by both top-down and bottom-up factors. However, when watching film, viewers typically attend to the movie similarly irrespective of top-down factors-a phenomenon we call the tyranny of film. A key difference between still pictures and film is that film contains motion, which is a strong attractor of attention and highly predictive of gaze during film viewing.

Exploring Thresholds in the Foundational Skills for Reading and Comprehension Outcomes in the Context of Postsecondary Readers.

There is a range of reasons why college students may be underprepared to read, but one possibility is that some college students are below a threshold of proficiency in the component skills of reading. The presence of thresholds means that when students fall below that threshold, their proficiency in that component skill of reading is not sufficient for there to be a relationship with comprehension performance. The present study assessed (a) whether there were thresholds in proficiencies in foundational skills, (b) whether students falling below the thresholds were disproportionately in developmental literary programs (i.

The effects of domain knowledge and event structure on event processing.

Research suggests that domain knowledge facilitates memory for domain-specific information through two mechanisms: differentiation, which involves the ability to identify meaningful, fine-grained details within a sequence, and unitization, which involves binding individual components from a sequence into functional wholes. This study investigated the extent to which individuals engaged in differentiation and unitization when parsing continuous events into discrete, meaningful units (i.e.

Margin Reanalysis With 3-Dimensional Micrographic Surgery Technique of Conventional Excision Specimens With Negative Margin Readings.

Introduction: Mohs micrographic surgery technique allows for complete margin analysis of skin tumors, which explains its lower recurrence rates over conventional surgery. Although it is known that routine processing of excision specimens represents less than 0.5% of the margins, a direct comparison with micrographic technique has not been performed so far.

Tissue-Sparing Outcome of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Background: Micrographic Mohs Surgery (MMS) offers the highest cure rates and healthy skin tissue sparing effect compared with standard excision.

Objective: To quantify the tissue-sparing properties of MMS in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in comparison with standard excision (SE).

Methods: A bidirectional, descriptive study, including 94 cases of SCC, was performed, on patients with histologic diagnosis of SCC (in situ, well differentiated, moderately differentiated, and undifferentiated), that where operated with MMS between 2013 and 2018 at Hospital de Clínicas Dr.

Editors' Introduction and Review: Visual Narrative Research: An Emerging Field in Cognitive Science.

Drawn sequences of images are among our oldest records of human intelligence, appearing on cave paintings, wall carvings, and ancient pottery, and they pervade across cultures from instruction manuals to comics. They also appear prevalently as stimuli across Cognitive Science, for studies of temporal cognition, event structure, social cognition, discourse, and basic intelligence. Yet, despite this fundamental place in human expression and research on cognition, the study of visual narratives themselves has only recently gained traction in Cognitive Science.

The Scene Perception & Event Comprehension Theory (SPECT) Applied to Visual Narratives.

Understanding how people comprehend visual narratives (including picture stories, comics, and film) requires the combination of traditionally separate theories that span the initial sensory and perceptual processing of complex visual scenes, the perception of events over time, and comprehension of narratives. Existing piecemeal approaches fail to capture the interplay between these levels of processing. Here, we propose the Scene Perception & Event Comprehension Theory (SPECT), as applied to visual narratives, which distinguishes between front-end and back-end cognitive processes.

The role of character goals and changes in body position in the processing of events in visual narratives.

Background: A growing body of research is beginning to understand how people comprehend sequential visual narratives. However, previous work has used materials that primarily rely on visual information (i.e.

East-West Flap After Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

Repair of distal nasal defects resulting from Mohs micrographic surgery is a challenge, but surgeons can choose from a number of techniques. We present 3 cases in which an east-west flap was used to close the defect. The east-west flap is an easily conceived advancement flap that consists of a superior triangle used to cover the defect and an inferior triangle whose base is located along the advancement line.

Understanding Moment-to-Moment Processing of Visual Narratives.

What role do moment-to-moment comprehension processes play in visual attentional selection in picture stories? The current work uniquely tested the role of bridging inference generation processes on eye movements while participants viewed picture stories. Specific components of the Scene Perception and Event Comprehension Theory (SPECT) were tested. Bridging inference generation was induced by manipulating the presence of highly inferable actions embedded in picture stories.

The Super Shaving Technique to Correct the Trapdoor Effect in Nasal Flaps.

Introduction And Objectives: The trapdoor effect is a possible complication in flap reconstructions, particularly those involving the face. It consists of a bulging, elevated deformity that appears 3 weeks after the intervention. To date there has been no consensus on how the trapdoor effect should be treated.

Secondary-intention healing following Mohs micrographic surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of a finger.

Mohs micrographic surgery is the best therapeutical option for hand squamous cell carcinoma without bone involvement; however, the reconstruction of the surgical defect could be very difficult if the tumour is located in the distal phalanx of a finger. We present the case of a patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of the distal phalanx of a finger, which was treated with Mohs micrographic surgery, and its surgical defect was successfully resolved by secondary-intention healing using hydrocolloid dressings.

The effects of state anxiety on analogue peritraumatic encoding and event memory: introducing the stressful event segmentation paradigm.

Cognitive theories of PTSD argue that poor recall of trauma memories results from a stress-induced shift toward perceptual processing during encoding. The present study assessed the extent to which self-reported state anxiety affects event segmentation and its subsequent impact on memory performance (recall and recognition). Event segmentation is the cognitive process of condensing continuous streams of spatiotemporal information into discrete elements.

Reconstructive methods in Mohs micrographic surgery in Uruguay: A bidirectional descriptive cohort analysis.

Background And Objectives: The primary goal of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is to completely excise a cancerous lesion and a wide range of reconstructive techniques of varying complexity are used to close the resulting wound. In this study, we performed a descriptive analysis of patients who underwent MMS, with a focus on wound closure methods.

Material And Methods: We conducted a bidirectional descriptive cohort analysis of all MMS procedures performed by a single surgeon between November 2013 and April 2016.

What is the role of the film viewer? The effects of narrative comprehension and viewing task on gaze control in film.

Film is ubiquitous, but the processes that guide viewers' attention while viewing film narratives are poorly understood. In fact, many film theorists and practitioners disagree on whether the film stimulus (bottom-up) or the viewer (top-down) is more important in determining how we watch movies. Reading research has shown a strong connection between eye movements and comprehension, and scene perception studies have shown strong effects of viewing tasks on eye movements, but such idiosyncratic top-down control of gaze in film would be anathema to the universal control mainstream filmmakers typically aim for.