Comparative study of H-NMR metabolomic profile of canine synovial fluid in patients affected by four progressive stages of spontaneous osteoarthritis.

The study aimed to assess the metabolomic profile of the synovial fluid (SF) of dogs affected by spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) and compare any differences based on disease progression. Sixty client-owned dogs affected by spontaneous OA underwent clinical, radiographic, and cytologic evaluations to confirm the diagnosis. The affected joints were divided into four study groups based on the Kallgreen-Lawrence classification: OA1 (mild), OA2 (moderate), OA3 (severe), and OA4 (extremely severe/deforming).

Effects of stress conditions on plasma parameters and gene expression in the skin mucus of farmed rainbow trout ().

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological response of rainbow trout () before slaughtering in the last phase of farming analyzing skin mucus and plasma. Two groups of rainbow trout were considered: Group UN ("unstressed"), represented by fish randomly captured from raceways, in the last phase of a standard fattening cycle; Group S ("stressed"), collected at the end of the pre-slaughtering tank, soon after slaughtering. The fish skin mucus was swabbed from head to tail using a sterile plastic spatula and the blood was collected through an endocardial puncture.

Nano-adjuvanted dry powder vaccine for the mucosal immunization against airways pathogens.

Nasal vaccination has been shown to provide optimal protection against respiratory pathogens. However, mucosal vaccination requires the implementation of specific immunization strategies to improve its effectiveness. Nanotechnology appears a key approach to improve the effectiveness of mucosal vaccines, since several nanomaterials provide mucoadhesion, enhance mucosal permeability, control antigen release and possess adjuvant properties.

Understanding the Pathogenesis of Red Mark Syndrome in Rainbow Trout () through an Integrated Morphological and Molecular Approach.

Red mark syndrome (RMS) is a widespread skin disorder of rainbow trout in freshwater aquaculture, believed to be caused by a -like organism (MLO). Here, we aimed to study the pathologic mechanisms at the origin of RMS by analyzing field samples from a recent outbreak through gene expression, MLO PCR, quantitative PCR, and a histopathological scoring system proposed for RMS lesions. Statistical analyses included a One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a Dunnett's multiple comparisons test to assess differences among gene expression groups and a nonparametric Spearman correlation between various categories of skin lesions and PCR results.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Suppress Fertility by Activating Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in the Developing Oocytes of Female Zebrafish.

In vertebrates, the core mechanisms that control gametogenesis are largely multiple, complex, successive, and orchestrated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. However, age, health status, and hormonal activity are important factors for good fertility; other intangible intracellular molecular mechanisms that manage oocyte development are still unclear. The present study was designed to elucidate the ultrastructure changes in the ovary in response to its exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and to explore the role of autophagy and apoptosis during egg maturation and ovulation on the fertility of female zebrafish.

Immunohistochemical Expression of p62 in Feline Mammary Carcinoma and Non-Neoplastic Mammary Tissue.

The p62 protein, also called sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), is a ubiquitin-binding scaffold protein. In human oncology, although the interest in the function of this protein is recent, the knowledge is now numerous, but its role in tumorigenesis is not yet clear. This preliminary study aims to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p62 in 38 cases of feline mammary carcinoma with different grades of differentiation and in 12 non-neoplastic mammary gland tissues, to assess the expression level and a possible correlation with malignancy.

Effects of Partial Substitution of Conventional Protein Sources with Duckweed () Meal in the Feeding of Rainbow Trout () on Growth Performances and the Quality Product.

Duckweed (Lemna minor) meal was included in the formulation of three experimental feeds (L1, L2, L3) for rainbow trout at 10%, 20%, 28% of the protein source, respectively. Increasing the duckweed inclusion, the other protein sources were adjusted to get isonitrogenous (41%) and isolipidic (20%) diets, as the control diet (LC). 540 fish (mean body weight 124.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Cinnamic Acid-Based Antimicrobials.

The main antimicrobial resistance (AMR) nosocomial strains (ESKAPE pathogens such as , , , , , and spp.) are the most widespread bacteria in cutaneous infections. In this work we report the synthesis, in silico skin permeability prediction, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and wound healing properties of novel cinnamic acid-based antimicrobials () as novel antibacterial drugs for the treatment of ESKAPE-related skin infections.

High prevalence of carbapenem-resistant ST307 recovered from fecal samples in an Italian hospital.

This study reports the characterization of carbapenem-resistant colonizing strains of . 650 stool samples were screened for carbapenem-resistant (CR-Kp). All strains were characterized for antibiotic susceptibility, typing features, main carbapenemases and extended-spectrum ß-lactamases.

Red mark syndrome of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; Walbaum, 1792): Histopathological scoring and correlation with gross lesions.

Red mark syndrome (RMS) is a skin disorder affecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The present work aimed to correlate the gross skin lesions affecting 46 fish sampled from farms surveyed for RMS with their microscopic features, identifying histological parameters that may be suggestive of disease progression. Skin lesions were grossly included in one of three categories (types I, II and III) according to the progressive degree of severity.

Increased Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Skin of Dogs with Discoid Lupus Erythematous (DLE).

Discoid lupus erythematous (DLE) is a common autoimmune skin disorder of dogs where keratinocytes play a pivotal role both in the innate and adaptive immune responses. As for the innate response, pattern recognition receptors (PRR), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), can activate macrophages and immune tissue cells allowing for transmission and transduction of signals through cytokine and chemokine release to improve host defenses. In particular, TLR4 can also recognize endogenous molecules such as heat shock proteins produced during reactions to tissue damage.

Red mark syndrome (RMS) in farmed rainbow trout: First report of outbreaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Red mark syndrome (RMS) is a non-lethal inflammatory skin disorder spreading in farmed adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and reported worldwide. The aetiology is still uncertain, but positive correlation was found between Midichloria-like organism and RMS-affected fish. Here, we describe the first cases of RMS in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Human leptospirosis in the Marche region: Over 10 years of surveillance.

We conducted a 10 years' retrospective study in 347 symptomatic individuals to assess the regional distribution of leptospirosis. A total of 173 individuals were diagnosed positive (49.8%): 11.

Improvement of the Water Quality in Rainbow Trout Farming by Means of the Feeding Type and Management over 10 Years (2009-2019).

Background: In Europe, rainbow trout is one of the main fresh water fish farmed in a constantly developing environment that requires innovative studies to improve farm management, fish welfare and environmental sustainability. The aim of this paper is to investigate the trend of water quality parameters over 10 years, after a feeding strategy change from pellet to extruded feed.

Methods: The study was conducted on a farm in central Italy, based on parallel raceways.

Evaluation of Long Sea Snail (Gastropod) from the Middle Adriatic Sea as a Possible Alternative for Human Consumption.

In mid Adriatic Sea the common sea snail is the habitual snail eaten, but over the years fishermen started to capture also the long sea snail, a possible alternative for human consumption. This study aims to compare the quality traits of the edible fraction in the common and long sea snails. In this study, common and long sea snail samples were provided by fishermen in November 2018 and March 2019.

Respiratory metabolites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can differentiate horses affected by severe equine asthma from healthy horses.

Background: The use of an untargeted metabolomic approach to investigate biofluids of respiratory origin is of increasing interest in human and veterinary lung research. Considering the high incidence of equine asthma (> 14%) within horse population and the importance of this animal model for human disease, we aimed to investigate the metabolomic profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in healthy and asthmatic horses.

Results: On the basis of clinical, endoscopic and BALF cytology findings, 6 horses with severe asthma (Group A) and 6 healthy horses (Group C) were included in the study.

Effect of the topical Klox fluorescence biomodulation system on the healing of canine surgical wounds.

Objective: To determine the effect of the Klox fluorescence biomodulation system (Phovia) on the healing of surgical wounds.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded, controlled clinical trial.

Sample Population: Healthy dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery (n = 10).

p62-DNA-encoding plasmid reverts tumor grade, changes tumor stroma, and enhances anticancer immunity.

Previously, we reported that the administration of a p62/SQSTM1-encoding plasmid demonstrates high safety and signs of clinical benefits for human cancer patients. The treatment also suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in dogs and mouse models. Here we investigated some mechanistic aspects of these effects.

p62/SQSTM1 expression in canine mammary tumours: Evolutionary notes.

Recent studies highlighted the role of autophagy as a cardinal regulatory system for homeostasis and cancer-related signalling pathways. In this context, the deregulated expression of p62 - Sequestosome1 (p62/SQSTM1) - a protein acting both as an autophagy receptor and signalling hub, has been associated with tumour development and chronic inflammation. Multiple clinical studies test drugs targeting autophagy, and even more research is on the way to clinical trials.

Efficacy of carvacrol against resistant rapidly growing mycobacteria in the planktonic and biofilm growth mode.

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are environmental bacteria found worldwide with a propensity to produce skin and soft-tissue infections. Among them, the most clinically relevant species is Mycobacterium abscessus. Multiple resistance to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm contributes considerably to the treatment failure.

Fatal Infection in a Captive Grey-headed Parrot ().

A necropsy was conducted on a female grey-headed parrot () that died following signs of depression, ruffled feathers, and inappetence. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of hemoprotozoa in the liver. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of species, species, and species, was performed on frozen tissue samples collected at necropsy.

Air sac trematodes: as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird ().

Necropsy of two free-ranging common blackbirds () found dead in central Italy revealed the presence of a high number of cyclocoelid flukes in the coelomatic cavity. Cyclocoelid flukes primarily infect avian respiratory system. Histologically, air sac walls were covered with a fibrinous exudate containing degenerate heterophils, many trematodes and some colonies of Gram-positive cocci.

Chemical composition of Pistacia vera L. oleoresin and its antibacterial, anti-virulence and anti-biofilm activities against oral streptococci, including Streptococcus mutans.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of oleoresin of Pistacia vera L. and to determine its antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity versus selected oral streptococci.

Design: A gaschromatografic analysis of the oleoresin was performed.