Non-canonical pathways associated to Amyloid beta and tau protein dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among elderly people. This disease imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system, society, and economy due to the increasing global aging population. Current trials with drugs or bioactive compounds aimed at reducing cerebral Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles, which are the two main hallmarks of this devastating neurodegenerative disease, have not provided significant results in terms of their neuropathological outcomes nor met the expected clinical end-points.

β-Hexachlorocyclohexane triggers neuroinflammatory activity, epigenetic histone post-translational modifications and cognitive dysfunction.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which encompass pesticides and industrial chemicals widely utilized across the globe, pose a covert threat to human health. β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is an organochlorine pesticide with striking stability, still illegally dumped in many countries, and recognized as responsible for several pathogenetic mechanisms. This study represents a pioneering exploration into the neurotoxic effects induced by the exposure to β-HCH specifically targeting neuronal cells (N2a), microglia (BV-2), and C57BL/6 mice.

Thermochromic Printable and Multicolor Polymeric Composite Based on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite.

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (PVKs) are among the most promising materials for optoelectronic applications thanks to their outstanding photophysical properties and easy synthesis. Herein, a new PVK-based thermochromic composite is demonstrated. It can reversibly switch from a transparent state (transmittance > 80%) at room temperature to a colored state (transmittance < 10%) at high temperature, with very fast kinetics, taking only a few seconds to go from the bleached to the colored state (and vice versa).

Natural deep eutectic solvents protect RNA from thermal-induced degradation.

RNA is a fundamental nucleic acid for life and it plays important roles in the regulation of gene transcription, post-transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic regulation. Recently, the focus on this nucleic acid has significantly increased due to the development of mRNA vaccines and RNA-based gene therapy protocols. Unfortunately, RNA based products show constrains mainly owing to instability and easy degradability of the RNA molecules.

Role of a corrugated Dion-Jacobson 2D perovskite as an additive in 3D MAPbBr perovskite-based light emitting diodes.

Metal halide perovskites represent an intriguing class of materials, and a very promising approach to tune the properties of optoelectronic devices and improve their performance involves the implementation of architectures based on mixed 3D and 2D perovskites. In this work, we investigated the use of a corrugated 2D Dion-Jacobson perovskite as an additive to a classical 3D MAPbBr perovskite for applications in light-emitting diodes. Taking advantage of the properties of this emerging class of materials, we studied the effect of a 2D 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine (DMEN)-based perovskite on the morphological, photophysical, and optoelectronic properties of 3D perovskite thin films.

Collagen Membrane as Water-Based Gel Electrolyte for Electrochromic Devices.

Bio-based polymers are attracting great interest due to their potential for several applications in place of conventional polymers. In the field of electrochemical devices, the electrolyte is a fundamental element that determines their performance, and polymers represent good candidates for developing solid-state and gel-based electrolytes toward the development of full-solid-state devices. In this context, the fabrication and characterization of uncrosslinked and physically cross-linked collagen membranes are reported to test their potential as a polymeric matrix for the development of a gel electrolyte.

Persistence of Symptoms 15 Months since COVID-19 Diagnosis: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Residual Work Ability.

A proportion of patients' ailments may last after recovering from acute COVID-19, with episodic and systemic symptoms of unclear etiology potentially involving different organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the persistence of symptoms 15 months since COVID-19 diagnosis in patients referring to the post-COVID-19 clinic in Trieste (north-eastern Italy). Two-hundred-forty-seven patients were medically examined between 8 December 2020-6 April 2021, after a median time of 49 days since first positive swab test for SARS-CoV-2.

Looking Back to Look Forward: What to Expect in a Redo Surgery for a Bioprosthesis Replacement.

Redo surgeries are becoming more common because of an increased rate of bioprosthesis implantation. We performed a retrospective study on patients who underwent redo replacement of an aortic and/or mitral bioprosthesis between 2005 and 2018 to evaluate intra-hospital mortality and morbidity. Univariate analysis was performed on the propensity score variables to determine predictors of mortality.

Case series: Pleural effusion caused by urinary ultrafiltrate in two cats without evidence of urinary obstruction, trauma, or simultaneous perinephric pseudocysts.

Objectives: To describe the diagnostic techniques, surgical treatments, and outcomes of two cats with recurrent pleural transudate caused by urinary ultrafiltrate.

Animals: Two cats without evidence of trauma, urinary tract obstruction, or concurrent perinephric pseudocysts that were evaluated and treated for recurrent pleural transudate caused by urinary ultrafiltrate.

Study Design: Short case series.

Re-evaluation of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in dogs.

Objectives: This study aims to re-evaluate the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test 8-hour cortisol cut-point for the diagnosis of hypercortisolism in dogs using a solid-phase, competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven client-owned dogs with naturally occurring hypercortisolism and 30 healthy control dogs were prospectively recruited. Performance of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test was assessed using sensitivity, specificity and a receiver operating characteristic curve compared to a clinical diagnosis of hypercortisolism including response to treatment.

Novel D-A chromophores with condensed 1,2,4-triazine system simultaneously display thermally activated delayed fluorescence and crystallization-induced phosphorescence.

Control of photophysical properties is crucial for the continued development of electroluminescent devices and luminescent materials. Preparation and study of original molecules uncovers design rules towards efficient materials and devices. Here we have prepared 7 new compounds based on the popular donor-acceptor design used in thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters.

Neuroprotective Effects of PARP Inhibitors in Models of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible age-related neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by severe memory impairment, language deficits and cognitive decline. The major neuropathological hallmarks of AD include extracellular deposits of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and cytoplasmic neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The accumulation of plaques and tangles in the brain triggers a cascade of molecular events that culminate in neuronal damage and cell death.

Novel Easy to Synthesize Benzonitrile Compounds with Mixed Carbazole and Phenoxazine Substituents Exhibiting Dual Emission and TADF Properties.

The photophysical and electrochemical properties of a new class of fluorinated benzonitrile compounds substituted with mixed phenoxazine and carbazole units have been investigated. When absorbing in a large range of the UV-vis spectrum due to both localized and charge-transfer absorptions, these compounds show dual broad emission in solution and intense emission in PMMA films, with photoluminescence quantum yields changing from a few percent in solution to 18% in a more rigid environment. The compounds also exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence demonstrated by the role of oxygen in the quenching of delayed fluorescence and by time-resolved luminescence studies, with an efficiency directly related to the number of phenoxazine substituents.

In Silico Methods for Environmental Risk Assessment: Principles, Tiered Approaches, Applications, and Future Perspectives.

This chapter aims to introduce the reader to the basic principles of environmental risk assessment of chemicals and highlights the usefulness of tiered approaches within weight of evidence approaches in relation to problem formulation i.e., data availability, time and resource availability.

Hyperexpression of CDRs and HWP1 genes negatively impacts on Candida albicans virulence.

C. albicans is a commensal organism present in the human microbiome of more than 60% of the healthy population. Transition from commensalism to invasive candidiasis may occur after a local or a general failure of host's immune system.

A systems-based approach to the environmental risk assessment of multiple stressors in honey bees.

The European Parliament requested EFSA to develop a holistic risk assessment of multiple stressors in honey bees. To this end, a systems-based approach that is composed of two core components: a monitoring system and a modelling system are put forward with honey bees taken as a showcase. Key developments in the current scientific opinion (including systematic data collection from sentinel beehives and an agent-based simulation) have the potential to substantially contribute to future development of environmental risk assessments of multiple stressors at larger spatial and temporal scales.

Congenital pituitary cyst resulting in adipsic central diabetes insipidus and secondary hypernatremia in a cat.

Case Summary: A 9-month-old intact female domestic mediumhair cat presented with a 5-month history of obtundation, lethargy, hypernatremia (181 mmol/l; reference interval [RI] 151-158 mmol/l), hyperchloremia (142 mmol/l; RI 117-126 mmol/l), azotemia (blood urea nitrogen 51 mg/dl; RI 18-33 mg/dl), creatinine 3.0 mg/dl (RI 1.1-2.

[Integrated social and health care supported by home telemonitoring in patients with heart failure: the European SmartCare project in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region].

Background: Home care for patients with chronic diseases and specifically with heart failure (HF) is one of the main challenges of health care for the future. Telemedicine, applied to HF, allows intensive home monitoring of the most advanced patients, improving their prognosis and quality of life. The European SmartCare project was carried out in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region with the aim of improving integrated health and social care in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) through home telemonitoring (TM) and promoting self-management and patient empowerment.

An Update on Tracheal and Airway Collapse in Dogs.

Tracheal and airway collapse (bronchomalacia) are common causes of chronic cough in middle-aged to older dogs in which weakening of cartilage within the respiratory system leads to narrowing of airways, irritation, inflammation, partial to complete airway obstruction, and other secondary effects. Tracheomalacia occurs in small-breed dogs, whereas bronchomalacia can occur in any size dog. Successful treatment involves correct identification of the problem, recognition of concurrent disease processes, and appropriate medical therapy.

Successful management of 3 dogs with colonic pythiosis using itraconzaole, terbinafine, and prednisone.

Gastrointestinal (GI) pythiosis is a severe and often fatal disease in dogs that traditionally has been poorly responsive to medical treatment. Although aggressive surgical resection with wide margins is the most consistently effective treatment, lesion location and extent often preclude complete resection. Recently, it has been suggested that the addition of anti-inflammatory doses of corticosteroids may improve outcome in dogs with nonresectable GI pythiosis.

Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Cats During Anesthesia and Effect of Omeprazole on Gastric pH.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is poorly characterized in anesthetized cats, but can cause aspiration pneumonia, esophagitis, and esophageal stricture formation.

Objective: To determine whether pre-anesthetic orally administered omeprazole increases gastric and esophageal pH and increases serum gastrin concentrations in anesthetized cats, and to determine the prevalence of GER using combined multichannel impedance and pH monitoring.

Animals: Twenty-seven healthy cats undergoing elective dental procedures.