Regulation of disease-associated microglia in the optic nerve by lipoxin B and ocular hypertension.

Background: The resident astrocyte-retinal ganglion cell (RGC) lipoxin circuit is impaired during retinal stress, which includes ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. Lipoxin B produced by homeostatic astrocytes directly acts on RGCs to increase survival and function in ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. RGC death in the retina and axonal degeneration in the optic nerve are driven by the complex interactions between microglia and macroglia.

Regulation of Diseases-Associated Microglia in the Optic Nerve by Lipoxin B and Ocular Hypertension.

Background: The resident astrocyte-retinal ganglion cell (RGC) lipoxin circuit is impaired during retinal stress, which includes ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. Lipoxin B produced by homeostatic astrocytes directly acts on RGCs to increase survival and function in ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. RGC death in the retina and axonal degeneration in the optic nerve are driven by the complex interactions between microglia and macroglia.

Effectiveness of hospital-based strategies for improving childhood immunization coverage: A systematic review.

Background: Hospital settings represent an opportunity to offer and/or promote childhood vaccination. The purpose of the systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different hospital-based strategies for improving childhood vaccination coverage.

Methods: A systematic search of multiple bibliographic databases, thesis databases, and relevant websites was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published up to September 20, 2021.

Carotid-Axillary Bypass and Debridement for a Mycotic Aneurysm of the Left Subclavian Artery.

Mycotic subclavian aneurysms are rare, and their presence typically mandates urgent repair due to the associated high risk of rupture and mortality. A multi-disciplinary team effort is of utmost importance in ensuring favorable results. In this case report, we present a 79-year-old male with a rapidly enlarging mycotic left subclavian artery aneurysm secondary to a retrosternal abscess and left sternoclavicular septic arthritis, who underwent aneurysmal exclusion, a left carotid-left axillary bypass and pectoralis muscle flap coverage with a good outcome.

Impact of thoracic endovascular aortic repair timing on aortic remodeling in acute type B aortic intramural hematoma.

Objective: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is increasingly utilized in the management of acute type B aortic intramural hematoma (TBIMH). Optimal timing for intervention has not been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate TEVAR timing on postoperative aortic remodeling.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from grey short-tailed opossums () with endemic cloacal prolapses.

In a search for potential causes of increased prolapse incidence in grey short-tailed opossum colonies, samples from the gastrointestinal tracts of 94 clinically normal opossums with rectal prolapses were screened for species by culture and PCR. Forty strains of two novel species which differed from the established taxa were isolated from opossums with and without prolapses. One of the species was spiral-shaped and urease-negative whereas the other strain had fusiform morphology with periplasmic fibres and was urease-positive.

Medical therapy in type B aortic intramural hematoma is associated with a high failure rate.

Objective: Intramural hematoma (IMH) is on the spectrum of acute aortic syndrome, but optimal management is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients with type B IMH (TBIMH) after best medical therapy (BMT) and to assess for risk factors associated with failure of BMT.

Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective chart review of all patients with TBIMH between January 2008 and December 2017.

Traditional autopsy versus computed tomography imaging autopsy in trauma: A case of "synergistic disagreement".

Background: Decreases in the rates of traditional autopsy (TA) negatively impact traumatology, especially in the areas of quality improvement and medical education. To help enhance the understanding of trauma-related mortality, a number of initiatives in imaging autopsy (IA) were conceived, including the postmortem computed tomography ("CATopsy") project at our institution. Though IA is a promising concept, few studies directly correlate TA and IA findings quantitatively.

Complications of pericardiocentesis: A clinical synopsis.

Pericardiocentesis (PC) is both a diagnostic and a potentially life-saving therapeutic procedure. Currently echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis is considered the standard clinical practice in the treatment of large pericardial effusions and cardiac tamponade. Although considered relatively safe, this invasive procedure may be associated with certain risks and potentially serious complications.

Laparoscopy in trauma: An overview of complications and related topics.

The introduction of laparoscopy has provided trauma surgeons with a valuable diagnostic and, at times, therapeutic option. The minimally invasive nature of laparoscopic surgery, combined with potentially quicker postoperative recovery, simplified wound care, as well as a growing number of viable intraoperative therapeutic modalities, presents an attractive alternative for many traumatologists when managing hemodynamically stable patients with selected penetrating and blunt traumatic abdominal injuries. At the same time, laparoscopy has its own unique complication profile.

Pregnancy among women surgeons: trends over time.

Background: Women compose half of all medical students but are underrepresented in the field of general surgery. Concerns about childbirth and pregnancy during training and practice are factors that may dissuade women from electing a career in surgery.

Objective: To assess experiences related to childbirth and pregnancy among women general surgeons.

Endovascular treatment of a huge cervical carotid artery pseudoaneurysm with Wallgraft prosthesis.

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare cause of epistaxis, which may be life-threatening if left untreated. We report the case of a massive epistaxis from left ICA pseudoaneurysm. Our patient was a 38 year-old man with the history of a severe traffic accident 13 years ago.

Encephalization, expensive tissues, and energetics: An examination of the relative costs of brain size in strepsirrhines.

The evolution of encephalization requires that energetic challenges be met. Several hypotheses, such as the maternal energy and expensive tissue hypotheses, have been proposed to explain how some species are able to provide adequate energetic resources for large brains. The former incorporates maternal investment strategies, such as extended life history and elevated resting metabolic rate, which contribute to the growth of a large brain.

Intracranial brain abscess preceded by orbital cellulitis and sinusitis.

A 17-year-old boy with pyrexia, headache, and frequent drop attacks reported an acute onset of periorbital pain and swelling 1 month previously. Coronal computed tomography (CT) identified an ethmoid sinusitis, which was treated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery and intravenous gentamicin, prostaphylline, and metronidazone. Because of persistent symptoms, the patient returned 1 month later.