A Rare Case of Congenital Factor XIII Deficiency Secondary to Hyperconsumption: A Case Report.

Acquired Factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare condition often associated with underlying medical conditions or medications. We present a case of a 23-year-old male, who presented with prolonged bleeding from a traumatic ulcer site on his left leg. Initial laboratory investigations revealed a severe deficiency in FXIII activity (30%) and antigen levels (25%), with no evidence of congenital disorders or other underlying pathologies.

An Interesting Case of Wernicke's Encephalopathy in Co-Existence With Tropical Infections: A Case Report.

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurological disorder arising from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, characterized by a classic triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and altered mental status. While it is more common in males, it can occur in various contexts, including pregnancy. Leptospirosis, a zoonotic infection, can co-occur with other illnesses such as scrub typhus.

Computational Analysis Suggests That AsnGTT 3'-tRNA-Derived Fragments Are Potential Biomarkers in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Transfer-RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a novel class of small non-coding RNAs that have been implicated in oncogenesis. tRFs may act as post-transcriptional regulators by recruiting AGO proteins and binding to highly complementary regions of mRNA at seed regions, resulting in the knockdown of the transcript. Therefore, tRFs may be critical to tumorigenesis and warrant investigation as potential biomarkers.

Co-zorbs: Motile, multispecies biofilms aid transport of diverse bacterial species.

Biofilms are three-dimensional structures containing one or more bacterial species embedded in extracellular polymeric substances. Although most biofilms are stationary, forms a motile spherical biofilm called a zorb, which is propelled by its base cells and contains a polysaccharide core. Here, we report formation of spatially organized, motile, multispecies biofilms, designated "co-zorbs," that are distinguished by a core-shell structure.

The intratumor microbiome varies by geographical location and anatomical site in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer that is characterized by distinct phenotypes based on anatomical site and etiological agents. Recently, the intratumor microbiome has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Although it is well established that the gut microbiome varies with geographical location and is highly influenced by factors such as diet, environment, and genetics, the intratumor microbiome is not very well characterized.

Surface colonization by promotes its survival in a model microbial community.

Unlabelled: is a ubiquitous soil and rhizosphere bacterium, but despite its abundance, the factors contributing to its success in communities are poorly understood. Using a model microbial community, he itchhikers f the hizosphere (THOR), we determined the effects of colonization on the fitness of in the community. Insertion sequencing, a massively parallel transposon mutant screen, on sterile sand identified 25 genes likely to be important for surface colonization.

Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Ormocarpum cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr. Leaf: An Integrated In vitro and In silico Approach.

Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with various complications. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes is an effective strategy for managing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Ormocarpum cochinchinense leaf through in vitro and in silico approaches.

Characterization of tRNA-Derived Fragments in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Respect to Tobacco Smoke.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer that is influenced by etiological agents such as tobacco smoke. Accordingly, transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are implicated in both cancer onset and development and demonstrate the potential to act as targets for cancer treatments and therapies. Therefore, we aimed to characterize tRF expression with respect to LUSC pathogenesis and clinical outcomes.

The Intratumor Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Is Characterized by HPV, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor phenotypes and clinical outcomes are significantly influenced by etiological agents, such as HPV infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Accordingly, the intratumor microbiome has been increasingly implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. However, few studies characterize the intratumor microbial landscape of HNSCC with respect to these etiological agents.

Microbiome composition modulates secondary metabolism in a multispecies bacterial community.

Bacterial secondary metabolites are a major source of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds. In microbial communities, these molecules can mediate interspecies interactions and responses to environmental change. Despite the importance of secondary metabolites in human health and microbial ecology, little is known about their roles and regulation in the context of multispecies communities.

Roles of YAP/TAZ in ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a unique iron-dependent form of regulated cell death. Recently, researchers found that ferroptosis was sensitive to cell density, regulated by Hippo signaling. This article summarizes the roles of the Hippo pathway effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in ferroptosis and the therapeutic potential of activating ferroptosis in cancer.

Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic-Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: COVID-19 has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority groups, and race and ethnicity have been associated with disease severity. However, the association of socioeconomic determinants with racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the association of race and ethnicity with COVID-19 outcomes and to examine the association between race, ethnicity, COVID-19 outcomes, and socioeconomic determinants.

Attitude towards COVID 19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy in urban and rural communities in Tamil Nadu, India - a community based survey.

Background: Effective and safe COVID 19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use since the end of 2020 and countries are actively vaccinating their people. Nevertheless, hesitancy towards the vaccines exist globally.

Objectives: We conducted this study to understand the attitudes towards COVID 19 vaccines and hesitancy to accept it among urban and rural communities in Tamil Nadu, India.

Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Tobacco is the primary etiologic agent in worsened lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) outcomes. Meanwhile, it has been shown that etiologic agents alter enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) expression. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effects of tobacco and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use on eRNA expression in relation to LUSC outcomes.

The intratumor microbiome predicts prognosis across gender and subtypes in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

While the intratumor microbiome has become increasingly implicated in cancer development, the microbial landscape of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is essentially uninvestigated. PTC is characterized by varied prognosis between gender and cancer subtype, but the cause for gender and subtype-based dissimilarities is unclear. Women are more frequently diagnosed with PTC, while men suffer more advanced-staged PTC.

Genomic sequence analysis of lung infections using artificial intelligence technique.

Attributable to the modernization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) procedures in healthcare services, various developments including Support Vector Machine (SVM), and profound learning. For example, Convolutional Neural systems (CNN) have prevalently engaged in a significant job of various classificational investigation in lung malignant growth, and different infections. In this paper, Parallel based SVM (P-SVM) and IoT has been utilized to examine the ideal order of lung infections caused by genomic sequence.

Enantiomeric characterization and structure elucidation of LH601A using vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy.

LH601A is a novel non-reactive chiral molecule inhibiting Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction. The absolute configuration (AC) was independently determined in this study using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy. Because of band overlapping and broadening in the IR spectrum, a direct VCD spectrum comparison method is devised without the conventional IR band alignment.

The NEU1-selective sialidase inhibitor, C9-butyl-amide-DANA, blocks sialidase activity and NEU1-mediated bioactivities in human lung in vitro and murine lung in vivo.

Neuraminidase-1 (NEU1) is the predominant sialidase expressed in human airway epithelia and lung microvascular endothelia where it mediates multiple biological processes. We tested whether the NEU1-selective sialidase inhibitor, C9-butyl-amide-2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid (C9-BA-DANA), inhibits one or more established NEU1-mediated bioactivities in human lung cells. We established the IC50 values of C9-BA-DANA for total sialidase activity in human airway epithelia, lung microvascular endothelia and lung fibroblasts to be 3.

A Novel Potent and Highly Specific Inhibitor against Influenza Viral N1-N9 Neuraminidases: Insight into Neuraminidase-Inhibitor Interactions.

People throughout the world continue to be at risk for death from influenza A virus, which is always creating a new variant. Here we present a new effective and specific anti-influenza viral neuraminidase (viNA) inhibitor, 9-cyclopropylcarbonylamino-4-guanidino-Neu5Ac2en (cPro-GUN). Like zanamivir, it is highly effective against N1-N9 avian and N1-N2 human viNAs, including H274Y oseltamivir-resistant N1 viNA, due to its C-6 portion still being anchored in the active site, different from the disruption of oseltamivir's C-6 anchoring by H274Y mutation.

Insilico docking study of compounds elucidated from helicteres isora fruits with ampkinase- insulin receptor.

Insulin receptor (IR) proteins were essential intracellular signaling peptides in the insulin action cascade. Insulin receptor substrate proteins (IRS-1and IRS-2) serve and regulate the insulin level in the normal insulin action. The broad role of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in cell growth and survival reveals a common regulatory pathway linking development, somatic growth, fertility, neuronal proliferation, and aging to the core mechanisms used by vertebrates for nutrient sensing.

Design and synthesis of novel iminothiazinylbutadienols and divinylpyrimidinethiones as ARE inducers.

Novel iminothiazinylbutadienols and divinylpyrimidinethiones were designed and synthesized as analogues of curcumin with its diketone moiety masked as a heterocyclic adduct with thiourea. The chemical stability of these novel heterocyclic compounds was improved as compared to curcumin. They exhibit longer half-lives and do not react with nucleophilic thiols under physiological conditions.

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of a novel 4,6-bis ((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1-phenethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-thione.

Inflammation plays a critical defensive role in the human body. However, uncontrolled or aberrant inflammatory responses contribute to various acute and chronic diseases. The Nrf2-ARE pathway plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammatory markers, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).

Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor and cellular probe of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction.

A high-throughput screen (HTS) of the MLPCN library using a homogenous fluorescence polarization assay identified a small molecule as a first-in-class direct inhibitor of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction. The HTS hit has three chiral centers; a combination of flash and chiral chromatographic separation demonstrated that Keap1-binding activity resides predominantly in one stereoisomer (SRS)-5 designated as ML334 (LH601A), which is at least 100× more potent than the other stereoisomers. The stereochemistry of the four cis isomers was assigned using X-ray crystallography and confirmed using stereospecific synthesis.

Small molecule modulators of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway as potential preventive and therapeutic agents.

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway represents one of the most important cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and xenobiotic damage. Activation of Nrf2 signaling induces the transcriptional regulation of ARE-dependent expression of various detoxifying and antioxidant defense enzymes and proteins. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling has become an attractive target for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions including cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases.