The effects of creatine dietary supplementation on anterior compartment pressure in the lower leg during rest and following exercise.

Objective: To examine the effects of creatine supplementation on anterior compartment pressure of the lower leg at rest and following exercise.

Design: 14 college-age males received creatine or placebo supplementation for 34 days. At baseline, anterior compartment pressure was measured preexercise, immediately postexercise, and 1, 5, and 15 minutes postexercise after a level treadmill run for 20 minutes at 80% of maximal aerobic power.

Treating hypertension in women of child-bearing age and during pregnancy.

Hypertension is found among 1 to 6% of young women. Treatment aims to decrease cardiovascular risk, the magnitude of which is less dependent on the absolute level of blood pressure (BP) than on associated cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension-related target organ damage and/or concomitant disease. Lifestyle modifications are recommended for all hypertensive individuals.

Factors associated with elective termination of pregnancy among Canadian and American women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

Case reports have associated severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) with elective termination of pregnancy. Therefore, our objective was to explore the determinants of consideration of termination and actual termination of pregnancy among women with NVP. From 1996 to 1997, callers to an advertised NVP Healthline underwent a semi-structured interview.

The generalizability of trial data; a comparison of beta-blocker trial participants with a prospective cohort of women taking beta-blockers in pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate the generalizability of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data to obstetric practice, using the example of beta-blocker therapy.

Study Design: Descriptive comparison of characteristics of participants, interventions, and outcomes assessed between a meta-analysis of trials of beta-blocker therapy in pregnancy, and a prospective cohort of beta-blocker exposed callers to Motherisk, a Teratology Information Service.

Results: 72 women (cohort) and 34 trials with 2474 participants (meta-analysis) were compared.

A novel method for the evaluation of the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

Unlabelled: The symptomatology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) ranges from mild to very severe. The most advanced method to measure the burden of NVP, the Rhode's scores, incorporates physical signs (length and number of episodes of nausea, number and volume of vomits, and number of retching) with measures of distress caused by these symptoms. However, this system has been validated only for symptoms that occurred in the past 12 h, thus obviating its wide clinical use, and particularly its retrospective use.

Psychosocial morbidity among women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: prevalence and association with anti-emetic therapy.

Unlike severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), it is not known whether milder forms of NVP have been associated with psychosocial morbidity. We undertook the study to explore the prevalence of psychosocial morbidity by severity of NVP, and determine whether, after correction for severity of nausea/vomiting, there is a relationship between psychosocial morbidity and women's decisions to take anti-emetics as a reflection of their distress due to NVP. From 1996-97, an NVP Healthline was advertised.

Critical appraisal of drug therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: II. Efficacy and safety of diclectin (doxylamine-B6).

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common condition in pregnancy and affects up to 80% of all pregnant women. There are a large number of pharmacological agents that are effective for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with conditions such as motion sickness and gastrointestinal conditions; however, their use in pregnancy is limited by the lack of sufficient data on their potential teratogenic effects. The efficacy of the delayed-release combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine (Bendectin, Diclectin) has been shown in several randomized, controlled trials.

Oral beta-blockers for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy.

Background: Hypertension is a common complication of pregnancy. Antihypertensive drugs are widely used in the belief these will improve outcome for both the woman (such as decreasing the risk of stroke or eclampsia) and her baby (such as decreasing the risk of preterm birth and its complications). Beta-blockers are a popular choice of antihypertensive agent during pregnancy; other choices include methyldopa and calcium channel blockers.

Carbohydrate supplementation attenuates muscle glycogen loss during acute bouts of resistance exercise.

The effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on muscle glycogen and resistance exercise performance were examined with eight highly resistance trained males (mean +/- SEM, age: 24.3 +/- 1.1 years, height: 171.

Attitudes, management and consequences of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in the United States and Canada.

Background: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) affects a large proportion of pregnant women. In 1983, Bendectin((R)), the only FDA-approved drug for NVP, was removed from the market by its manufacturer due to legal costs based on claims of teratogenicity, which were subsequently proven to be unsubstantiated. In Canada, a generic form of Bendectin (Diclectin; a doxylamine/pyridoxine combination) has continued to be available, with increasing use over the last few years.

A risk-benefit assessment of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

Despite evidence of fetal safety, most antiemetics are contraindicated in pregnancy. We summarise a risk-benefit analysis of the literature on safety and effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and nontraditional therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) to provide evidence-based guidelines on the management of NVP. The medical literature was scanned for controlled studies on the human teratogenicity and effect of various antiemetics in pregnant women.

Erythropoiesis and renal transplant pregnancy.

Objective: To examine erythropoiesis in renal transplant pregnancies.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 30 renal transplant cases and 30 age, smoking and parity-matched healthy controls with normal index pregnancy. Retrospective chart review and assay of frozen antenatal serum (for serum erythropoietin concentration [serum EPO]), transferrin receptor protein [TfR], ferritin, folate and B12) were performed.

A case report of acute pelvic thrombophlebitis missed by magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic veins.

A 29-year-old woman presented post-natally with pulmonary hypertension. Peripheral venous thrombosis was not detected by duplex ultrasound or conventional MRI. Despite anticoagulation, the patient arrested.

Fall in mean arterial pressure and fetal growth restriction in pregnancy hypertension: a meta-analysis.

Background: We investigated the relation between fetoplacental growth and the use of oral antihypertensive medication to treat mild-to-moderate pregnancy hypertension.

Methods: The study design was a metaregression analysis of published data from randomised controlled trials. Data from a paper that was regarded as an extreme statistical outliner were excluded from primary analyses.

Glycogen replenishment and repeated maximal effort exercise: effect of liquid carbohydrate.

We investigated the effects of carbohydrate ingestion on glycogen replenishment and subsequent short duration, high intensity exercise performance. During Session 1, aerobic power was determined and each subject (N = 6) was familiarized with the 100-kJ cycling test (100KJ-Test). During the treatment sessions, the subjects performed a 100KJ-Test (Ride-1), then consumed 0.

Risks and benefits of beta-receptor blockers for pregnancy hypertension: overview of the randomized trials.

Objective: Examine the benefits/risks of beta-blockers for pregnancy hypertension.

Study Design: Meta-analysis of relevant trials identified by comprehensive literature review (1966-97).

Results: Included were 30 trials for pregnancy hypertension, and four others for perinatal outcomes only.

The perception of teratogenic risk by women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

This study determined the advice reported to be received by women suffering from nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) from their caregivers regarding management, the teratogenic risk perception of these women and their choice of antiemetic drug use in pregnancy. A secondary objective was to determine prospectively the effect of counseling on malformation risk perception in women with NVP. The women were prospectively followed-up and questioned about the use of pharmacotherapy or other management choices as well as their perception of teratogenic risk through structured telephone interviews.

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver in HELLP syndrome.

Objectives: Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure phosphorus-containing metabolites in the liver, this study aimed to investigate non-invasively whether or not women with haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) have detectable abnormalities of hepatic energetics.

Setting: John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.

Design: Prospective study.

Neurodevelopment after in utero amiodarone exposure.

It is not known whether amiodarone is neurotoxic to the fetus, as it is to adults. We evaluated neurodevelopment of a historical cohort (N = 10) of children exposed transplacentally to amiodarone. Scores on standardized tests of cognitive and language skills were compared (by Wilcoxon signed rank test) between eight toddlers and matched controls.

Contributions of proprioception to navigation in virtual environments.

Users immersed in virtual environments (VEs) are prone to disorientation and have difficulty transferring spatial knowledge to the real world. A single experiment investigated the contribution of inadequate proprioception to this problem by providing participants with interfaces to a virtual environment that either did (a walking interface) or did not (a joystick) afford proprioceptive feedback similar to that obtained during real walking. The 2 groups explored a large, complex building using a low-resolution head-mounted display.

Pharmacologic treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

QUESTIONSome of my pregnant patients have trouble functioning because of morning sickness. In particular, they are afraid to take medications. They end up losing weight, quitting work, and dropping out of other activities.