Descriptive epidemiology demonstrating the All of Us database as a versatile resource for the rare and undiagnosed disease community.

Objective: We aim to demonstrate the versatility of the All of Us database as an important source of rare and undiagnosed disease (RUD) data, because of its large size and range of data types.

Materials And Methods: We searched the public data browser, electronic health record (EHR), and several surveys to investigate the prevalence, mental health, healthcare access, and other data of select RUDs.

Results: Several RUDs have participants in All of Us [eg, 75 of 100 rare infectious diseases (RIDs)].

The Development and Evaluation of a Convolutional Neural Network for Cutaneous Melanoma Detection in Whole Slide Images.

Context.—: The current melanoma staging system does not account for 26% of the variance seen in melanoma-specific survival, therefore our ability to predict patient outcome is not fully elucidated. Morphology may be of greater significance than in other solid tumors, with Breslow thickness remaining the strongest prognostic indicator despite being subject to high levels of interobserver variation.

Demonstrating the Efficacy of Dual Energy Computer Tomography with Gemstone Spectral Imaging Software to Determine Mixed and Single Composition ex vivo Urolithiasis.

Objective: To assess the capability of determining the mixed chemical composition of urinary stones using spectral imaging properties of Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) software.

Material And Methods: Twenty-six single and 24 mixed composition ex vivo urinary stones with known chemical composition determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) prior to this project were scanned with DECT imaging and GSI in vitro. The major components of the stones included Uric Acid (UA), Calcium Oxalate (CaOx), Calcium Phosphate (CaP), Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), and Cystine (Cys).

Is there a role for capsaicin in cancer pain management?

Purpose Of Review: Advances in oncological therapies have resulted in an increase in the number of patients living with and beyond cancer. The personal and societal impact of chronic pain in the survivor population represents an area of significant unmet need. Capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) may provide analgesia with limited systemic side effects.

Preconceived Impressions Regarding Holmium:YAG Laser Safety in the Urology Operating Theatre.

Background: Since its introduction over two decades ago, the surgical laser has served in the lithotripsy of urinary calculi, resection of bladder tumours, bladder neck incisions, and prostate enucleation. Concerns regarding the safe use of holmium lasers have resulted in potentially excessive and overly precautious theatre regulations. We aimed to evaluate the preconceived impressions and practice patterns at a single site surrounding laser use in endourology.

Discovery of a Unique Set of Dog-Seroreactive Proteins Using Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Array.

Valley Fever (VF), caused by fungi in the genus , is a prevalent disease in southwestern and western parts of the United States that affects both humans and animals, such as dogs. Although the immune responses to infection with spp. are not fully characterized, antibody-detection assays are used in conjunction with clinical presentation and radiologic findings to aid in the diagnosis of VF.

Integration of an online application to optimise multi-disciplinary meetings: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Multi-disciplinary Meetings (MDM) play a crucial role in complex patient care, involving input from various specialties to formulate evidence-based management plans. However, traditional unidirectional approaches and reliance on manual processes have led to inefficiencies in the MDM pathway.

Aims: This study identified and aimed to improve four critical moments where Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) could enhance the MDM process.

Computational methods for metastasis detection in lymph nodes and characterization of the metastasis-free lymph node microarchitecture: A systematic-narrative hybrid review.

Background: Histological examination of tumor draining lymph nodes (LNs) plays a vital role in cancer staging and prognostication. However, as soon as a LN is classed as metastasis-free, no further investigation will be performed and thus, potentially clinically relevant information detectable in tumor-free LNs is currently not captured.

Objective: To systematically study and critically assess methods for the analysis of digitized histological LN images described in published research.

Understanding and responding to racism and the provision of culturally safe care by interdisciplinary health professionals in the aged care sector in regional, rural and remote areas: a scoping review.

Introduction: This scoping review was undertaken to obtain conceptual clarification about how racism and cultural safety are understood by interdisciplinary health professionals globally in the aged care sector in regional, rural and remote areas. There is evidence in Australia and internationally that racism is a factor impacting significantly on the health of First Peoples and other racialised minorities. Recent policy changes in Australia have required health professionals to integrate cultural safety into their practice to mitigate racism and improve the health of older First Nations Australians and older people from diverse ethnic and cultural groups.

Improving student success and retention in first-year nursing through embedded tutor support.

Background: Nursing students from diverse or equity backgrounds are less likely to possess the required skills to ensure success in their studies. This research explores the impact of embedded support on student learning in a first-year foundational subject, Contexts of Nursing, in an undergraduate nursing degree.t.

Population Estimates of Ovarian Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Patients with Bladder Cancer.

Background And Objective: The rationale for oophorectomy during female cystectomy is not adequately supported. The co-occurrence and timing of bladder cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) in females harboring OC germline mutations remain unclear. Our objective was to determine the frequency and temporal occurrence of OC germline variants among females with BC.

Mucosal and systemic antigen-specific antibody responses correlate with protection against active tuberculosis in nonhuman primates.

Background: Increasing evidence supports that antibodies can protect against active tuberculosis (TB) but knowledge of potentially protective antigens, especially in the airways, is limited. The main objective of this study was to identify antigen-specific airway and systemic immunoglobulin isotype responses associated with the outcome of controlled latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) versus uncontrolled infection (TB) in nonhuman primates.

Methods: In a case-control design, using non-parametric group comparisons with false discovery rate adjustments, we assessed antibodies in 57 cynomolgus macaques which, following low-dose airway Mtb infection, developed either LTBI or TB.

Quantitative assessment of multiple pathogen exposure and immune dynamics at scale.

Serology reveals exposure to pathogens, as well as the state of autoimmune and other clinical conditions. It is used to evaluate individuals and their histories and as a public health tool to track epidemics. Employing a variety of formats, studies nearly always perform serology by testing response to only one or a few antigens.

Field Test of the Propheromones of the Whitemarked Tussock Moth (WMTM) (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).

The whitemarked tussock moth (WMTM), (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is an economic pest in Nova Scotia, Canada, where it undergoes periodic outbreaks defoliating several tree species of economic value, including balsam fir, (L.

Radiological Density, Atomic Numbers, and Stone Fragmentation of Bego Stones Used for Research in Endourology: Comparison to Real Urinary Stones.

The aim of the study was to characterize artificial stones used for research in endourology in terms of radiological properties and hardness, based on stone fragmentation, and to compare them with real stones. We built artificial stones using BegoStone Plus™ powder (BEGO, Lincoln, RI), with powder (g)-water (mL) ratios ranging from 15:03 to 15:12. The CT Gemstone Spectral Imaging Software (GE Medical Systems, LLC, Waukesha, WI) was used to evaluate the radiological density in HU and spectral properties.

The clinical importance of the host anti-tumour reaction patterns in regional tumour draining lymph nodes in patients with locally advanced resectable gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The status of regional tumour draining lymph nodes (LN) is crucial for prognostic evaluation in gastric cancer (GaC) patients. Changes in lymph node microarchitecture, such as follicular hyperplasia (FH), sinus histiocytosis (SH), or paracortical hyperplasia (PH), may be triggered by the anti-tumour immune response. However, the prognostic value of these changes in GaC patients is unclear.

Development of a rapid lateral flow assay for detection of anti-coccidioidal antibodies.

spp. are dimorphic fungi that are capable of infecting human and non-human mammals and can cause diverse manifestations of coccidioidomycosis or Valley fever (VF). In combination with clinical symptoms and radiographic findings, antibody-based diagnostic tests are often used to diagnose and monitor patients with VF.

Comprehensive genomic profiling of penile squamous cell carcinoma and the impact of human papillomavirus status on immune-checkpoint inhibitor-related biomarkers.

Background: Advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited success of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Approximately half of pSCC cases are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Methods: Evaluation was done retrospectively of the landscape of somatic alterations and ICI-related biomarkers in pSCC by using the Caris Life Sciences data set with the aim to establish signatures for HPV-dependent oncogenesis.