Prevalence of primary headaches in multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by symptoms such as visual disturbances, paresis with spasticity, paresthesia, numbness, and fatigue. However, several studies have shown a high prevalence of headaches in individuals with MS.

Reliability and validity of the Arabic version of brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis in Egyptian pediatric multiple sclerosis patients.

Background & Objectives: About one-third of pediatric-onset MS (POMS) patients report cognitive impairment. This case-control study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) in Egyptian POMS patients.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 30 POMS patients aged 9 to 17 years old and 30 healthy controls.

New algorithmic approach for easier and faster extended disability status scale calculation.

Background: The traditional paper and pencil method for EDSS calculation (pEDSS) is the cornerstone of multiple sclerosis practice; however, it requires an expert for an accurate calculation, and it takes a lot of time to perform the function scores. A new algorithmic approach (aEDSS) has been developed for easier and faster assessment.

Objective: To determine if using aEDSS can achieve good inter-rater agreement and save time compared to pEDSS.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Central Vein Sign as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Egyptian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in multiple sclerosis (MS) overlap with numerous MS mimics. The central vein sign (CVS) can help to differentiate MS from other mimics. This study aimed to determine the value of CVS as a diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing MS from its mimics.

Neurological Manifestations in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has reached over 276 million people globally with 5.3 million deaths as of 22nd December 2021. COVID-19-associated acute and long-term neurological manifestations are well recognized.

Impact of Ramadan fasting on disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicenter study.

Background: The safety of Ramadan fasting for Muslim patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) is still a matter of debate. This work aimed to study the clinical course of MS during Ramadan fasting and to clarify the predictors of relapses and symptoms exacerbation.

Methods: This retrospective study included 153 Muslim patients with MS.

The MuSC-19 study: The Egyptian cohort.

Objective: This study aimed to report the severity of COVID-19 in a cohort of Egyptian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with particular attention on the impact of disease modifying drugs (DMDs).

Methods And Study Population: We included 119 MS patients recruited from two centers, Ain-Shams university and Cairo university with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 during the period from May to September 2020 as a part of the MuSC-19 project. Univariate logistic regression was fitted to assess risk factors for severe COVID-19 (at least one outcome among hospitalization, ICU admission and death).

Clinical and molecular characterization of Unverricht-Lundborg disease among Egyptian patients.

Background And Purpose: Unverricht-Lundborg disease (ULD) is a common type of progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME). It is caused mostly by biallelic dodecamer repeat expansions in the promoter region of CSTB gene. Despite highly prevalent in the Mediterranean countries, no studies have been reported from Egypt.

Management Strategies of Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era.

The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health emergency of international concern and has affected management plans of many autoimmune disorders. Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies are pivotal in the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), potentially placing patients at an increased risk of contracting infections such as COVID-19. The optimal management strategy of NMOSD during the COVID-19 era remains unclear.

Managing Disease-Modifying Therapies and Breakthrough Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Toward an Optimized Approach.

The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major public health challenge of global concern since December 2019, when the virus was recognized in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in China and epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic. Given the novelty of COVID-19 and the lack of specific anti-virus therapies, the current management is essentially supportive. There is an absence of consensus on guidelines or treatment strategies for complex disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), in which the risk of infections is higher than in the general population.

Glutamate and Nitric Oxide as biomarkers for disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Despite multiple diagnostic tests, multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a clinical diagnosis with supportive paraclinical evidence.

Objective: To measure glutamate and nitric oxide serum levels in MS patients during and in between relapses to assess their potential role as biomarkers of disease activity and relapses.

Subjects And Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 70 MS patients and 40 age and sex matched apparently healthy controls.

Cognitive and physical disability in Egyptian patients with multiple sclerosis: genetic and optical coherence tomography study.

: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between cognitive dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and genetic factors among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. : Fifty patients of definite MS were included. Physical disability was assessed by expanded disability status scale (EDSS).

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis in Egypt: a multi-center registry of 186 patients.

Introduction: Although the frequency of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) has increased in recent decades, it is still highly uncommon, which creates a need for the involvement of more registries from various clinical centers.

Objective: To characterize the demographic, clinical, and paraclinical features of Egyptian patients with POMS.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review study was undertaken on 237 Egyptian patients with demyelinating events which started before the age of 18 years who attended one of five tertiary referral centers in Cairo, Egypt.

Characteristics and predictors of progression in an Egyptian multiple sclerosis cohort: a multicenter registry study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease with a heterogeneous presentation and diverse disease course. Recent studies indicate a rising prevalence of MS in the Middle East.

Objective: To characterize the demographics and disease features of Egyptian patients attending four tertiary referral MS centers in Cairo.

Brain aging in normal Egyptians: cognition, education, personality, genetic and immunological study.

Studying the cognitive and immunological changes that occur in old age as well as genetic function have been considered an important subject to differentiate between normal brain aging and early dementia especially Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study is to stress on age-related neuropsychological and electrophysiological (P(300)) changes in normal Egyptian subjects, to throw light on the value of genetic (Apo-E(4) genotype) and immunological markers [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) in the serum] as tools used in early detection of cognitive decline in cerebral aging. Ninety-four normal Egyptian subjects (below and above 60 years) were submitted to the following: (1) neuropsychological tests for testing memory, perception, psychomotor performance and attention, (2) Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) for personality traits, (3) event-related potential study (P(300), latency and amplitude), (4) genetic test for detection of Apolipoprotein E genotype and (5) immunological studies including detection of the level of IL-6 and ICAM-1 in serum.