Time and motion in cosmetic surgery.

Time and motion studies have been used to analyze performance and improve outcomes. This prospective study evaluated a typical operating day at a surgical facility in the United Kingdom by recording admitting time into the hospital, entrance and exit times from theatre, and length of surgical time. The same surgical team performed 10 breast augmentations in less than 10 hr, with a mean preparation time of 9 min 20 s and a mean surgical time (from incision to closure) of 32 min.

Valvular heart operation is an independent risk factor for acute renal failure.

Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) after cardiac operation with cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to determine and quantify whether valvular heart operation is an independent risk factor for developing ARF.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 5,132 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac operation involving cardiopulmonary bypass between April 1997 and March 2001.