The pivotal relation between glucagon-like peptides, NFκB and inflammatory bowel disease.

Glucagon-like peptides (GLPs), GLP-1 and GLP-2, are released from intestinal enteroendocrine cells (L cells) in response to ingested nutrients. GLP-1 plays a crucial role in lowering blood glucose and controlling body weight, through stimulating the islet ß cells of pancreas to secrete insulin, inhibiting gastric emptying, and reducing food ingestion. Therefore, GLP-1 receptor agonists are now used in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Role of simvastatin and insulin in memory protection in a rat model of diabetes mellitus and dementia.

Objectives: The memory protective role of simvastatin and/or insulin, in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia was examined.

Methods: DM was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were divided into untreated; insulin treated; simvastatin treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg/day; and combined insulin plus simvastatin treatment in the previous doses.