Role of MicroRNA-155 as a Potential Biomarker for Allergic Rhinitis in Children.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory state categorized by a disturbance of immunoregulatory mechanisms. MicroRNA-155 (miRNA-155) has an essential role in regulating gene expression and can mediate the allergic TH2 process.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of miR-155 as a biomarker in AR and correlate its level with the total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and the levels of serum interleukin-4 (IL-4).

Clinical Efficacy of Combined Probiotics and Immunotherapy in Childhood Allergic Rhinitis.

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is considered a safe and beneficial treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR). Probiotics are unusual treatment options for AR and have lately created great concern in the scientific community. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combined probiotics plus SLIT on nasal symptoms in AR children.

MRI as an Alternative to Second Look Mastoid Surgery.

The main goal of surgery of cholesteatoma is eradication of the disease and revision surgery is indicated when a dry and safe ear has not been achieved. Residual cholesteatoma usually occurs at the sites that are difficult to reach with an operating microscope, such as posterior tympanum and anterior epitympanic recess. Computed tomography can be performed to delineate the extent of disease.