Impact of smoking on oral mucosa: A cytological and cellular proliferation study.

Background: Cigarette smoking is known to induce various cellular changes and proliferative activities within the oral mucosa. This study compares the effects of smoking on cellular proliferation and cytological alterations using the AgNORs and Pap staining methods.

Methods: We performed statistical analyses to evaluate the mean AgNORs count in smokers and non- smokers.

The value and significance of nucleolar organizer region proteins as markers of malignancy in breast cancer patients.

Objectives: To assess argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in 60 patients with primary breast carcinoma and evaluated their association with clinical prognostic parameters of breast cancer.

Methods: Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions were stained in paraffin sections of the tissues using Ploton's silver method. For each sample, the number of AgNORs within the nuclei of 100 tumor cells was counted.

Analysis of molecular subtypes and antibiotic resistance in Treponema pallidum isolates from blood donors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, is resurging globally. Molecular typing allows for the investigation of its epidemiology. In Pakistan and other nations, T.

Novel mutations in genes of the IL-12/IFN-γ axis cause susceptibility to tuberculosis.

Background: The IL-12/23/ISG15-IFN-γ pathway is the main immunological pathway for controlling intra-macrophagic microorganisms such as Mycobacteria, Salmonella, and Leishmania spp. Consequently, upon mutations in genes of the IL-12/23/ISG15-IFN-γ pathway cause increased susceptibility to intra-macrophagic pathogens, particularly to Mycobacteria. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the mutations in genes of the IL-12/23/ISG15-IFN-γ pathway in severe tuberculosis (TB) patients.

Role of polycystic ovarian syndrome in developing psychological burden in Saudi Arabian females: A case control study.

It is well known that polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may elevate psychological problems in patients, but there is a scarcity of the studies among Saudi Arabian population. This research was designed to investigate the influence of PCOS on the development of psychological load in terms of depression, anxiety, and stress in comparison to normal women who have no PCOS. Further, a correlation of psychological distress in PCOS females was done with their educational level.

Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG Against SARS-CoV-2 after Two Doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Women with Breast Cancer.

Background: This study evaluates the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination from women with breast cancer in Jazan city Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, antibody detections were performed one month and three months after the administration of the second dose.

Methods: Overall, 103 breast cancer patients were included. Individuals who had had two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, patients who were earlier diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, had not finalized immunization plan, or who received the second dose recently were excluded from the study.

Satisfaction of psychologically impaired patients with health-care services: A Saudi Arabian perspective.

Psychological problems affect a sizable portion of the population, and they require special care. In the current study, we aimed to assess patient satisfaction with the healthcare system at one of the multispecialty hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, as well as to identify potential factors that can have an impact on patient satisfaction. A validated pre-tested questionnaire including features to evaluate general hospital services (HS-6 items), nursing services (NS-3 items), pharmacy services (PS-7 items), and a standard patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-18 item) was administered to patients who had been receiving therapy for their psychological disease for the past 3 months.

Evaluation of CD4+:CD8+ Ratio in Patients With Cervical Cancer and the Levels of Inflammatory Markers.

Background/aim: Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern. The ratio of CD4+:CD8+ T-cells is used to evaluate the immune system function. This study aimed to explore the CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio in relation to the glycemic status, inflammatory markers, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 in patients with early diagnosed cervical cancer.

Antidepressant Effect of Crocin in Mice with Chronic Mild Stress.

This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant property of crocin (Crocetin digentiobiose ester) using a chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression model in experimental mice. The tail suspension test (TST) and the sucrose preference test were used to evaluate the antidepressant effect on albino mice of either sex after three weeks of CMS. The period of immobility in the TST and percentage preference for sucrose solution were recorded.

Histomorphometric study of placental blood vessels of chorion and chorionic villi vascular area among women with preeclampsia.

Introduction: The direction of blood movement in normal and abnormal placenta is curious from a morphometric point of view. Once pregnancy is compromised by an illness like hypertension, maternal and foetal distress can lead to negative outcomes. The quantitative variations in the blood vessels within the chorion and the chorionic villi in placentas from pregnancies are complicated by preeclampsia (PE) and are poorly defined.

Incidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Among Women With Breast Cancer Using Monoclonal Antibodies for Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1).

Background/aim: Breast cancer is a common type of cancer in Sudan. Numerous studies propose viral oncogenesis as an etiological factor for breast cancer. The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) using monoclonal antibodies against latent membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and determine the correlation between the presence of EBV and clinicopathological characteristics.

Prognostic Significance of p16 Protein Expression in Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Sudan. The p16 protein plays a vital role in the regulation of the cell cycle.

Patients And Methods: This study analysed the protein expression of p16 in 202 paraffin blocks from Sudanese women with breast cancer using immunohistochemistry.

Prevalence of anemia among Saudi patients with solid cancers at diagnosis in King Faisal Hospital, Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancies at King Faisal Hospital in Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted from December 2017 to March 2020. A total of 320 patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancy were examined to assess anemia prevalence.

Prostanoid Receptor Subtypes and Its Endogenous Ligands with Processing Enzymes within Various Types of Inflammatory Joint Diseases.

A complex inflammatory process mediated by proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins commonly occurs in the synovial tissue of patients with joint trauma (JT), osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study systematically investigated the distinct expression profile of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), its processing enzymes (COX-2), and microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1) as well as the corresponding prostanoid receptor subtypes (EP1-4) in representative samples of synovial tissue from these patients (JT, OA, and RA). Quantitative TaqMan®-PCR and double immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of synovial tissue determined the abundance and exact immune cell types expressing these target molecules.

Comparison between Conventional Decalcification and a Microwave-Assisted Method in Bone Tissue Affected with Mycetoma.

Mycetoma is a lifelong granulomatous disease of subcutaneous tissues and bones. Histopathology is a substantiated indicative method based on the assumption of a definitive diagnosis of mycetoma. It requires efficient processing of tissues including bone decalcification.

Awareness of human papillomavirus infection complications, cervical cancer, and vaccine among the Saudi population. A cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: To determine human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical cancer, and vaccine awareness among the Saudi population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study of a convenience sample comprising 1033 participants (males and females) from different parts of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was conducted between August 2018 and January 2019 using a web-based questionnaire. This self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to all participants.

Haematological parameters, haemozoin-containing leukocytes in Sudanese children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Introduction: Haemozoin -containing leucocytes (HCL) can be used to predict severe malaria.

Methodology: A case -control study was conducted in Singa, Sudan, to investigate the haematological values and HCL in children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The cases were children with severe P.

Cytomorphologic patterns of Pap and PAS-stained oral exfoliative cytology smears in adult Saudi diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and 425 million people were estimated to have diabetes by 2017. Oral manifestations reflect the metabolic control of diabetes. Exfoliative cytology using Papanicolaou (Pap) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains is a practical technique to evaluate oral epithelial cytomorphologic changes in diabetes.

Placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the placentas of women with pre-eclampsia.

Background: Although the exact mechanism of pre-eclampsia - high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 gestational weeks - is not yet fully understood, placental growth factor (PLGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) are known to play important roles in vascularization and in the pathology of pre-eclampsia.

Methods: PLGF, VEGF, and HIF-1α were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in the placentas of Sudanese women with mild or severe pre-eclampsia, and in normal controls.

Results: Sixty-two women had severe pre-eclampsia, 102 had mild pre-eclampsia and 101 women served as healthy controls.

Pregnant women carrying female fetuses are at higher risk of placental malaria infection.

Background: The pathophysiology of the placental malaria is not fully understood. If there is a fetal sex-specific susceptibility to malaria infection, this might add to the previous knowledge on the immunology, endocrinology and pathophysiology of placental malaria infections.

Aims: This study was conducted to assess whether the sex of the fetus was associated with placental malaria infections.

Cervical cytopathological changes among women with vaginal discharge attending teaching hospital.

Aims: To find cytology changes among women attending obstetrics and gynaecology clinic with complaints of vaginal discharges.

Settings And Design: This descriptive hospital-based cytological study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of the obstetrics and gynaecology department.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred women with complaints of vaginal discharge were selected.

Immunophenotyping of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Sudan.

Introduction: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are heterogeneous group of malignant lymphoproliferative disorders.

Study Objectives: This was a retrospective study aimed to classify NHLs into B cell and T cell types; in addition to demonstrate the histological patterns and correlate it with gender, age and site of the biopsy.

Methods: The study was conducted in Histopathology Department, National Heath Laboratory, during the period 2007-2010.

CD20, CD3, placental malaria infections and low birth weight in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan.

Background: Malaria during pregnancy is the main cause of low birth weight (LBW) in the tropics. There are few studies concerning B and T lymphocyte infiltrates in placental malaria infections or their potential association with LBW babies.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Medani Hospital, Central Sudan.

Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum malaria and low birth weight in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan.

Background: Malaria, which frequently occurs in pregnant women in the tropics, is a leading cause of maternal anaemia and low birth weight (LBW) in infants. Few data exist concerning malaria infections that are present at submicroscopic levels during pregnancy and their LBW delivery in babies.

Methods: A case-control study (87 in each group) was conducted at the Medani Hospital, Central Sudan.