Trail Making Test: Comparison of paper-and-pencil and electronic versions.

The Trail Making Test (TMT) was adapted for the iPad by Parker-O'Brien, which uses the 2004 Tombaugh norms. This study investigated the equivalency of this electronic test by (a) examining the test-retest reliability of the iPad-TMT, and (b) calculating the concurrent validity between the two versions. The sample included 77 healthy adults.

Trauma in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: reactions of parents and caregivers to research participation.

Generally, studies have revealed that only a minority of people are bothered by participation in research on traumatic stress. Severity of traumatic events and subsequent responses are typically unrelated to negative reactions. We included 386 family members and caregivers (respondents) of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (focus people).