Changes in Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance Due to War Migration from Eastern Europe.

In recent years, especially as a result of war in Ukraine, enormous movements of migration to Poland from eastern European countries have been reported, including people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). We have conducted multi-center, prospective study, which aimed to establish HIV-1 subtype and assess the presence of primary drug resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors in antiretroviral treatment naïve patients. The clinical trial recruited 117 individuals during 2 years period (2020-2022).

Delayed HIV diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland: A call for targeted HIV testing for those under suspicion of SARS-CoV-2.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse patients newly diagnosed with HIV who were originally admitted to hospitals with suspicion of COVID-19.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series undertaken at four sites. Only adults with new HIV diagnosis and COVID-19 exclusion hospitalized in 2020-2021 were included.

Study of the first clinical cases on monkeypox in Poland.

Monkeypox is a viral, zoonotic, emerging infectious disease that has become the most significant orthopoxviral infection among humans since the eradication of smallpox. It is endemic in Central and West Africa, and since May 2022 it has caused a multi-country outbreak in six continents. So far, no clinical cases of this disease have been observed in Poland.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adult HIV-Infected Patients-Is Sexually Transmitted Infections Misdiagnosis Possible?

Background: The aim of our study was to describe 50 cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and HIV co-existence that are under medical supervision in Warsaw.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study. Fifty HIV-infected patients, diagnosed with IBD during the years 2001-2019, were identified.

Adenovirus 36 Infection in People Living with HIV-An Epidemiological Study of Seroprevalence and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

Background. With the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) rapidly approaching that of the general population, cardiovascular health in this group is as relevant as ever. Adenovirus 36 (Adv36) is one of the few viruses suspected to be a causative factor in promoting obesity in humans, yet there is a lack of data on this infection in PLHIV.

Non-HIV-related comorbidities and uncontrolled HIV replication are independent factors increasing the odds of hospitalization due to COVID-19 among HIV-positive patients in Poland.

Purpose: Immunocompromised patients are postulated to be at elevated risk of unfavorable outcomes of COVID-19. The exact effect of HIV infection on the course of COVID-19 remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected individuals.

The Presence of Either Typical or Atypical Radiological Changes Predicts Poor COVID-19 Outcomes in HIV-Positive Patients from a Multinational Observational Study: Data from Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group.

HIV-positive patients may present lungs with multiple infections, which may hinder differential diagnoses and the choice of treatment in the course of COVID-19, especially in countries with limited access to high-standard healthcare. Here, we aim to investigate the association between radiological changes and poor COVID-19 outcomes among HIV-positive patients from Central and Eastern Europe. Between November 2020 and May 2021, the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group started collecting observational data on HIV and COVID-19 co-infections.

Significance of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in HIV-Infected Patients.

Background: The aim of this study was the evaluation of the correlation between VCAM-1 and TNF-alpha serum concentrations and various clinical and laboratory parameters in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: All included subjects were patients of the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology of the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland in the years 2014-2016. The inclusion criteria were: confirmed HIV infection, Caucasian origin, and age > 18 years old.

Impact of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Adult People Living with HIV: A Literature Review.

The development of metabolic derangements as a result of HIV treatment has been an important area of research since the introduction of zidovudine in the 1980's. Antiretroviral therapy has intensely evolved in the last three decades, with new drugs gradually incorporated into everyday clinical practice. With the life expectancy of people living with HIV rapidly approaching that of their HIV-negative counterparts, the influence of these antiretrovirals on the development of the components of the metabolic syndrome remains of major interest to clinicians and their patients.

Cowpox: How dangerous could it be for humans? Case report.

Cowpox is a rare zoonosis transmitted to humans mainly from cats. The disease usually causes skin lesions; however, the ocular form may lead to other serious complications. We describe a case of cowpox in a rare location of the upper eyelid of an immunocompetent male, which lead to necrosis of the upper eyelid, keratitis and leucomatous opacity, and the neovascularization of the cornea.

Risk Factors of Hypovitaminosis D in HIV-Infected Patients on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.

Low serum vitamin D levels are very common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. In our cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and serum inflammation markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC), D-dimers, platelet count (PLT)] in 148 HIV-infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy [28 on tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)] and 40 healthy controls. The controls were significantly older (56.

Mild hyperbilirubinemia as a marker of oesophageal varices in HCV-related compensated cirrhotic patients.

Unlabelled: The natural course of compensated liver cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is still a very interesting problem in hepatology. The prognostic usefulness of the Child-Pugh and MELD score in compensated liver cirrhosis is still debated. Consequently, several attempts have been made to determine parameters other than included in the Child-Pugh score, which could be helpful in the prognosis of compensated liver cirrhosis assessment.

The effects of CD4 nadirs on vessel stiffness in HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy.

Background: There are many factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients having a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). HIV damages vessel endothelium through chronic inflammation, which, combined with dys-lipidaemia, arterial hypertension, and antiretroviral therapy leads to the progression of atherosclerotic changes.

Aim: Our goal was to determine if a CD4 nadir along with immunological, inflammatory, biochemical, and metabolic mark-ers can be associated with higher vessel stiffness and therefore an increased risk of CVD in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy for HIV.

Generalized Posttransplant Kaposi Sarcoma without Mucocutaneous Manifestations in the First Liver Transplantation in an HIV-Positive Patient in Poland: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most frequent skin cancer in solid organ recipients, and also a typical malignancy in HIV-infected persons. CASE REPORT We describe here a rare case of primary nodal KS without mucocutaneous manifestations, diagnosed in a 20-year-old HIV/HBV co-infected patient 12 months after liver transplantation (LT), the first one performed in a HIV-positive patient in Poland. The course of the disease was very aggressive; the patient died four weeks after general lymphadenopathy appearance.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in liver cirrhosis.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to assess the role of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in progression of liver cirrhosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients And Methods: Serum levels of PEDF and MMP-9 were tested in 212 patients with liver cirrhosis and in a control group of 30 healthy volunteers. HCC was diagnosed in 45 of the 212 patients studied (21%).

Evaluation of endothelial function and arterial stiffness in HIV-infected patients: a pilot study.

Background: In the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), life expectancy of HIV-infected patients is the same as that of the general population, resulting in increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease in this patient group.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction in HIV-infected patients and to identify factors which affect endothelial function and arterial stiffness.

Methods: Thirty-seven adult HIV-infected patients, regardless of the fact and the type of cART, were enrolled into the study.