Importance of Lactobacilli for Human Health.

As an extraordinarily diverse group of bacteria, lactobacilli are now classified into several genera, many of which still include "Lactobacillus" in their names. Despite their names, this group of lactic acid bacteria comprises microorganisms that are crucial for human health, especially during the early development of the human microbiota and immune system. The interactions between lactobacilli and components of the mucosal immunity lead to its shaping and development, which is possibly considered a prime mover in the advancement of the human immune system.

PDIA iminosugar influence on subcutaneous and infections in mice.

Introduction: Biofilm-associated infections persist as a therapeutic challenge in contemporary medicine. The efficacy of antibiotic therapies is ineffective in numerous instances, necessitating a heightened focus on exploring novel anti-biofilm medical strategies. Among these, iminosugars emerge as a distinctive class of compounds displaying promising biofilm inhibition properties.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan improves the response of trained macrophages to severe P. aeruginosa infections.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE P. AERUGINOSA: (PA), the major pathogen of lung cystic fibrosis (CF), polarizes macrophages into hyperinflammatory tissue damaging phenotype. The main aim of this study was to verify whether training of macrophages with β-glucan might improve their response to P.

The impact of gut bacteria producing long chain homologs of vitamin K on colorectal carcinogenesis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the foremost causes of cancer-related deaths. Lately, a close connection between the course of CRC and the intestinal microbiota has been revealed. Vitamin K (VK) is a bacterially derived compound that plays a crucial role in the human body.

The in vitro effects of probiotic bacteria on genital pathogens of female dogs.

Background: An important aspect in the microbiology of the reproductive system of small animals is the potential occurrence of probiotic bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of the genus Lactobacillus. The presence of these microorganisms is significant due to their strong antibacterial and antifungal properties. This study aimed to select probiotic strains from the oral cavity and vagina that have outstanding antibacterial properties against typical genital pathogens of the female dog reproductive tract.

Special Issue "An Update on Lactobacillus": Editorial.

As indicated in the introduction to this Special Issue, as of 2020, the original genus comprised over 260 recognized species, a figure which is probably much higher now [...

Biofilm-forming strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolated from cystic fibrosis patients differently affect inflammatory phenotype of macrophages.

Objective: Lung cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic infections and hyperinflammatory response of neutrophils and macrophages. P. aeruginosa (PA) and S.

Bacterial Pathogens in the Food Industry: Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of Strains Isolated from Food Chain Links.

is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Fifty-three strains of deposited in the Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms-Microbiological Resources Center (IAFB) were identified using molecular and proteomic analyses. Moreover, the genetic similarity of the tested strains was determined using the PFGE method.

PDIA, an Iminosugar Compound with a Wide Biofilm Inhibitory Spectrum Covering Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Human Bacterial Pathogens.

Many difficult-to-treat human infections related to catheters and other indwelling devices are caused by bacteria residing in biofilms. One of the key properties of microorganisms residing in a biofilm is decreased susceptibility towards antimicrobial agents. Therefore, many different approaches have been researched to destroy or inhibit biofilm production by bacteria.

In Vitro assessment of anti-Campylobacter activity of lactobacillus strains isolated from canine rectal swabs.

Background: Campylobacteriosis is currently the most frequently reported zoonosis. Dogs, especially puppies or those with diarrhea, are considered a possible source of human infection. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus species, seem to be a valuable tool in controlling of intestinal pathogenic microorganisms in dogs.

The Multi-Component Causes of Late Neonatal Sepsis-Can We Regulate Them?

Elucidating the mechanisms of bacterial translocation is crucial for the prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of lactoferrin to inhibit the development of late-onset blood infection in neonates. Our investigation evaluates the role of key stress factors leading to the translocation of intestinal bacteria into the bloodstream and, consequently, the development of life-threatening sepsis.

Changes in Leukogram and Erythrogram Results in Bitches with Vaginitis.

Vaginitis in female dogs is a problem most veterinarians face in their practice. It manifests as localized inflammation, and its variable etiology and different severities often make diagnosis problematic. The study consisted of comparing blood smears taken from 16 animals: 8 healthy bitches and 8 bitches with confirmed vaginitis.

Chronic bacterial pulmonary infections in advanced cystic fibrosis differently affect the level of sputum neutrophil elastase, IL-8 and IL-6.

Advanced cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is commonly characterized by a chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and destructive inflammation caused by neutrophils. However, the lack of convincing evidence from most informative biomarkers of severe lung dysfunction (SLD-CF) has hampered the formulation of a conclusive, targeted diagnosis of CF. The aim of this study was to determine whether SLD-CF is related to the high concentration of sputum inflammatory mediators and the presence of biofilm-forming bacterial strains.

The vaginal microflora changes in various stages of the estrous cycle of healthy female dogs and the ones with genital tract infections.

Background: Inflammatory diseases of reproductive tract in bitches are a common problem in veterinary practice. The inflammation can lead to serious health problems. Research to determine the correlation between the health status of females, phase of the cycle, age and bacterial flora of the genital tract has been ongoing for years, but the results obtained by individual authors are often contradictory.

Lactoferrin Metal Saturation-Which Form Is the Best for Neonatal Nutrition?

We evaluated the impact of metal saturation of lactoferrin (with iron and manganese) on population numbers of pathogenic species relevant for neonatal sepsis that commonly originates from the gut due to bacterial translocation. Little attention has been paid to how metal ions bound to the protein affect its activity. Several reference and clinical strains as well as probiotic strains were incubated with different forms of lactoferrin: metal-depleted (apolactoferrin), iron-saturated (hololactoferrin) and manganese-saturated lactoferrin.

Effect of a Short-Time Probiotic Supplementation on the Abundance of the Main Constituents of the Gut Microbiota of Term Newborns Delivered by Cesarean Section-A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Clinical Trial.

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of human health. Numerous factors, including the mode of delivery, impact early gut colonization in newborns. Recent research focuses on the use of probiotics in the prevention of gut dysbiosis in newborns delivered by cesarean section (CS).

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Contained in Gut Microbiota as a Primary Source of Sepsis in Low- and Very Low Birth Weight Neonates.

Background: There are only a few reports in the literature about translocation of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) as a primary cause of sepsis in neonates, although CoNS are among a short list of "translocating" bacteria when present in abundance.

Methods: 468 blood samples, 119 stool samples, and 8 catheter tips, from 311 neonates, were tested for presence of microorganisms. CoNS strains isolated from the blood and stool or from blood and catheter tip of the same newborn at approximately the same time were paired and typed with PFGE (Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis) method.

Neonate Bloodstream Infections in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries: An Update on Epidemiology and Prevention.

The term neonatal sepsis is used to describe a generalized bloodstream infection of bacterial, viral, or fungal origin which is associated with hemodynamic changes and other clinical symptoms and signs, however, there is no unified definition. There are no basic criteria regarding differentiation of early-onset sepsis (EOS) versus late-onset sepsis (LOS). Stratification used in studies on neonatal sepsis also rarely includes the general condition of the newborn according to unambiguous assessment at birth, which hampers the establishment of a clear, uniform epidemiological description of neonatal sepsis.

Identification and characterization of phage protein and its activity against two strains of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with a capacity to develop antibiotic resistance, which underlies a larger proportion of hospital-acquired infections and higher morbidity and mortality, compared to other bacterial infections. Effective novel approaches for treatment of infections induced by this pathogen are therefore necessary. Phage therapy represents a promising alternative solution to eradicate antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Analysis of proteinuria in experimental model of ascending acute kidney injury.

Unlabelled: Proteinuria accompanies kidney diseases of various etiology and correlates with the degree of organ damage. Analysis of proteinuria allows the location of pathophysiological process in the kidney, and assessment of the severity of the kidney disease in chronic and acute kidney injury (AKI). Ascending bacterial acute kidney injury develops as a consequence of pyelonephritis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is a potent inducer of phagocyte hyperinflammation.

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa effectively facilitate resistance to phagocyte killing by biofilm formation. However, the cross talk between biofilm components and phagocytes is still unclear. We hypothesize that a biofilm provides a concentrated extracellular source of LPS, DNA and exopolysaccharides (EPS), which polarize neighbouring phagocytes into an adverse hyperinflammatory state of activation.

Lactobacilli with superoxide dismutase-like or catalase activity are more effective in alleviating inflammation in an inflammatory bowel disease mouse model.

Purpose: Some lactobacilli, which possess superoxide dismutase-like activity and catalase activity naturally, have strong antioxidative properties. The aim of this study was to identify such strains and check which of them play a crucial role in alleviating intestinal inflammation.

Methods: We selected two strains for use in animal studies: 30B (which has the highest catalase activity) and 900 (which has the highest dismutase-like activity).

Effects of oral probiotic supplementation on gut and populations and the clinical status of low-birth-weight preterm neonates: a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Aim: Probiotic bacteria administered directly after birth to preterm neonates may improve gastrointestinal function and may reduce the incidence of late-onset sepsis, which is a frequent complication in this group.

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether a new probiotic bacterial mixture of KL53A and PB04 given to preterm, low-birth-weight neonates would influence composition of their gut microbiota and sepsis rates.

Patients And Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in clinical centers of neonatal care in Poland.

Genital infections in young adults - a school-based bio-behavioural study in urban areas, Poland, 2012 to 2015.

Context and AimOne of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens disproportionately affecting young people is (CT). This study aimed to assess prevalence of CT among sexually active students (aged 18-19 years) in their final years of high school education in Warsaw and Krakow. The sample was selected from 61 clusters, each cluster representing one school.

Experimental model for acute kidney injury caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the rapid deterioration of renal function, diagnosed on the basis of an increase in serum creatinine and abnormal urinary parameters. AKI is associated with increased risk of mortality or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the study was to develop an experimental model for AKI resulting from Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis.