Differential effects of selective versus unselective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators on T- and B-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Background: Sphingosine 1-phosphat receptor modulators (S1PRMs) have been linked to attenuated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Objective: To characterize differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients on selective versus unselective S1PRMs.

Methods: Monocentric, longitudinal study on people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on fingolimod (FTY), siponimod (SIP), ozanimod (OZA), or without disease-modifying therapy (DMT) following primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

NVX-CoV2373-induced T- and B-cellular immunity in immunosuppressed people with multiple sclerosis that failed to respond to mRNA and viral vector SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Importance: Immunological response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is important, especially in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on immunosuppressive therapies.

Objective: This study aims to determine whether adjuvanted protein-based vaccine NVX-CoV2373 is able to induce an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in pwMS with inadequate responses to prior triple mRNA/viral vector vaccination.

Design Setting And Participants: We conducted a single-center, prospective longitudinal cohort study at the MS Center in Dresden, Germany.