Six-week engagement in after-school activities involving chemosensory education does not affect olfactory abilities and personal significance of olfaction in 9-11-year-olds: Preliminary evidence.

Chemosensory learning is a lifelong process of acquiring perceptual expertise and semantic knowledge about chemical stimuli within the everyday environment. In the research context, it is usually simulated using olfactory training, which typically involves repeated exposure to a set of odors over a period of time. Following olfactory training, enhanced olfactory performance has been observed in adults, and similar evidence is beginning to emerge in children.

A Three-Arm Parallel-group Exploratory Trial documents balance improvement without much evidence of white matter integrity changes in people with multiple sclerosis following two months ambulatory neuroproprioceptive "facilitation and inhibition" physical therapy.

Background: Changes of white matter integrity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) were documented following mainly motor/skill acquisitions physical therapy, while following neuroproprioceptive "facilitation, inhibition" (neurofacilitation) only by two pilot studies. Neurofacilitation has potential to induce white matter changes due to the possibility of interfering with the neuronal tactility threshold. However stronger evidence is missing.

Ambulatory Neuroproprioceptive Facilitation and Inhibition Physical Therapy Improves Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis and Modulates Serum Level of Neuroactive Steroids: A Two-Arm Parallel-Group Exploratory Trial.

Unlabelled: Background Only few studies have monitored the potential of physical activity training and physical therapy to modulate the reaction of the endocrine system. In this study, the effect of neuroproprioceptive facilitation and inhibition physical therapy on clinical outcomes and neuroactive steroids production in people with multiple sclerosis was evaluated. Moreover, we were interested in the factors that influence the treatment effect.

Randomized comparison of functional electric stimulation in posturally corrected position and motor program activating therapy: treating foot drop in people with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Functional electric stimulation (FES) is recommended for foot drop in multiple sclerosis, although little is known about its therapeutic effect.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate a therapeutic effect immediately and two months after program termination (persistent and delayed effect) of a new approach using FES in combination with correcting the patients' postural system. More specifically, we evaluate the effects of this approach on the patients' clinical functions and compared it with individual physiotherapy.