Opportunities and Challenges in the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles via the Chemical Route in Microreactor Systems.

The process of noble metal nanoparticle synthesis is complex and consists of at least two steps: slow nucleation and fast autocatalytic growth. The kinetics of these two processes depends on the reductant "power" and the addition of stabilizers, as well as other factors (e.g.

Waste for Product-Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Properties of Palladium Nanopyramid Layer Enriched with PtNPs.

The presented research is the seed of a vision for the development of a waste-for-product strategy. Following this concept, various synthetic solutions containing low concentrations of platinum group metals were used to model their recovery and to produce catalysts. This is also the first report that shows the method for synthesis of a pyramid-like structure deposited on activated carbon composed of Pd and Pt.

The Role of Ascorbic Acid in the Process of Azo Dye Degradation in Aqueous Solution.

In this work, the role of ascorbic acid in the process of azo dye degradation was explained. For this purpose, the kinetics of azo dye degradation under different conditions was studied. Among them, the influence of daylight protection/exposition, different concentrations of ascorbic acid (0.

Synthesis of Gold Clusters and Nanoparticles Using Cinnamon Extract-A Mechanism and Kinetics Study.

In this work, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, High Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopes and selected experimental conditions were used to screen the colloidal system. The obtained results complement the established knowledge regarding the mechanism of nanoparticle formation. The process of gold nanoparticles formation involves a two-step reduction of Au ions to Au(0); atom association and metastable cluster formation; autocatalytic cluster growth; ultra-small particle formation (1-2 nm, in diameter); particle growth and larger particles formation; and further autocatalytic crystal growth (D > 100 nm).

The Kinetics of the Redox Reaction of Platinum(IV) Ions with Ascorbic Acid in the Presence of Oxygen.

In this work, the kinetics of the redox reaction between platinum(IV) chloride complex ions and ascorbic acid is studied. The reduction process of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) ions was carried out at different reagent concentrations and environmental conditions, i.e.

Tropaeolin OO as a Chemical Sensor for a Trace Amount of Pd(II) Ions Determination.

The selective determination of metals in waste solutions is a very important aspect of the industry and environmental protection. Knowledge of the contents and composition of the waste can contribute to design an efficient process separation and recovery of valuable metals. The problematic issue is primarily the correct determination of metals with similar properties such as palladium and platinum.

Batch Reactor vs. Microreactor System for Efficient AuNP Deposition on Activated Carbon Fibers.

The process of noble metals ions recovery and the removal small fraction of nanoparticles from waste solution is an urgent topic not only from the economic but also ecology point of view. In this paper, the use of activated carbon fibers (ACF) as a "trap" for gold nanoparticles obtained by a chemical reduction method is described. The synthesized nanoparticles were stabilized either electrostatically or electrosterically and then deposited on carbon fibers or activated carbon fibers.

On the Rate of Interaction of Sodium Borohydride with Platinum (IV) Chloride Complexes in Alkaline Media.

In this work, sodium borohydride was used as a strong reductant of traces of platinum complex ions. The investigations of the kinetics of redox reaction between platinum(IV) chloride complex ions and sodium borohydride were carried out. For the first time, the kinetic experiments were carried out in a basic medium (pH~13), which prevents NaBH from decomposition and suppresses the release of hydrogen to the environment.

The influence of dielectric permittivity of water on the shape of PtNPs synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature microwave reactor.

In this paper, a novel method for the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) using a microwave autoclave reactor is proposed. For benchmarking, the obtained results are compared with the traditional, batch method. A novel process window is proposed, which is the application of high-temperature and high-pressure.

Micro Droplet Formation towards Continuous Nanoparticles Synthesis.

In this paper, micro droplets are generated in a microfluidic focusing contactor and then they move sequentially in a free-flowing mode (no wall contact). For this purpose, two different micro-flow glass devices (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) were used. During the study, the influence of the flow rate of the water phase and the oil phase on the droplet size and size distribution was investigated.

Green method for efficient PdNPs deposition on carbon carrier in the microreactor system.

The synthesis of palladium nanoparticles and conditions of their deposition on active carbon fibers in the microreactor was described. All processes related with metal ion reduction, nucleation, and autocatalytic growth of particles as well as their deposition were carried out in the microreactor in only one cycle. Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles was carried out under different conditions, i.

Novel and effective synthesis protocol of AgNPs functionalized using L-cysteine as a potential drug carrier.

In this study, the protocol of a single-step L-cysteine functionalized silver nanoparticle synthesis was described. Particle size distribution was determined. The crystallinity and chemical properties were investigated using XRD, HR-TEM, and XPS methods.

Kinetic studies of nucleation and growth of palladium nanoparticles.

In this paper, the kinetic studies of nucleation and growth processes of palladium nanoparticles formation are presented. As a palladium precursor the chloride complex of Pd(II) and as a reductant l-ascorbic acid, were used. Kinetic studies were conducted under different experimental conditions such as initial concentration of metal ions, ascorbic acid, chloride ions as well as at different temperature and ionic strength.

The influence of the route of administration of gold nanoparticles on their tissue distribution and basic biochemical parameters: In vivo studies.

Background: The gold nanoparticles (AuNP's) exhibit interesting chemical and physical properties and for this reason are intensively tested in medicine. However there is a lack of information about toxicity of those nanoparticles as well as their excretion from the body. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the route of administration of gold nanoparticles to rats on their distribution in tissues and excretion rate.

Tissue distribution of gold nanoparticles after single intravenous administration in mice.

Background: Nanoparticles (a part of matter which size is less than 100 nm) have numerous potential applications in biomedicine, due to their unique surface, electronic and optical properties. The goal of the present study was to examine the distribution of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in mice after single intravenous administration.

Methods: Spherical GNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction of tetrachloroauric acid with ascorbic acid as a reductant.