[Ebstein's "like" anomaly ventricular double inlet. A rare association].

Introduction And Objectives: The association of univentricular heart with double inlet and Ebstein's "like" anomaly of the common atrioventricular valve is extremely rare.

Methods: Two hearts with this association are described with the segmental sequential system which determine the atrial situs, the types of atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections and associated anomalies.

Results: Both hearts had atrial situs solitus, and a univentricular heart with common atrioventricular valve, a foramen primum and double outlet ventricle with normal crossed great arteries.

[Scimitar syndrome. Correlation anatomo-embryological].

Objectives: To describe morphologically a toracoabdominal visceral block of a scimitar's syndrome case. We propose a pathogenetic theory wich explains the development of the pulmonary venous connection in this syndrome.

Method: The anatomic specimen was described with the segmental sequential system.

[Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. Morphopathology and surgical anatomy].

The morphopathology of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia is detailed as a spectrum of variations which is the foundation to highlight the surgical anatomy of this cardiopathy and it is the embryological basis which determines its structure. Thirty five hearts were studied with the methodology of the segmental sequential system. The atrial situs, the connections between the cardiac chambers and between the right ventricle and the arterial pulmonary vasculature were determined.

[Anatomic support in the echocardiographic diagnosis of right atrioventricular connection].

Objective: To show the close relationship between the anatomic features and the echocardiographic image in the absence of right atrioventricular connection.

Material And Method: Echocardiographic study of a patient with right atrioventricular connection and a corresponding anatomic specimen from the Museum of Embryology of the INC "lgnacio Chávez".

Results: A close correlation between an anatomic specimen with absence of right atrioventricular connection and an echocardiographic image of a patient with the same cardiopathy was established.

[Anomalous pulmonary venous connection].

An anatomical-embryological correlation of anomalous venous pulmonary connection is presented to gain an insight of its pathogenesis. The basic publications on embryonic development of the pulmonary veins were analyzed in its two stages: the primary connection of these veins (collectors) with the embryonic systemic veins from which the definitive veins arise. These channels normally disappear once the pulmonary veins sinus is connected with the roof of the left atrium (secondary definitive connection); when the latter does not exist, any of the primitive channels persist and originates the anatomic sites of the anomalous venous pulmonary connection.

[Common truncus arteriosus in adults].

The purpose of this study is to describe the factors that allow for the survival of patients with persistent truncus arteriosus until adult life and cared for at the National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez". From May 2003 to June 2007, six adult patients with clinical suspicion of truncus arteriosus were studied. All patients were subjected to clinical history, electrocardiogram of twelve leads, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterism.

[Atrioventricular septal defect. Anatomopathologic study and embryological correlation].

Atrioventricular septal defect is a complex congenital heart disease in which cardiac septation is deficient especially at atrioventricular and ventricular levels. The anatomopathologic experience at the National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez" is described; an anatomo-embryological correlation was made to gain an insight of the pathogenesis. Seventy hearts were analyzed morphologically with the sequential segmentary system.

Understanding atrioventricular septal defect: anatomoechocardiographic correlation.

Objective: Correlate the anatomic features of atrioventricular septal defect with echocardiographic images.

Materials And Methods: Sixty specimen hearts were studied by sequential segmental analysis. Echocardiograms were performed on 34 patients.

[Morphopathologic study of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection].

To know the morphological features and the frequency of pulmonary anomalous connection types, 106 hearts from the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chávez were studied with the segmental sequential system. The atrial situs, connections of cardiac segments, morphology of cardiac chambers, interatrial septum, venous collector, sites of anomalous pulmonary venous connection and associated anomalies were determined. Darling's classification was used.

[Morphometric and morphologic studies in right ventricular hypoplasia].

In hypoplastic right ventricle the dysplasia of the tricuspid valve (TV) has repercussions on the development of the right ventricle. This paper documents the results of an anatomopathologic and morphometric studies of the tricuspid valve and the right ventricle in 25 hearts with this cardiopathy, which were morphologically analyzed using the segmentary sequential system. The following measurements were made: the annulus of the tricuspid valve, the thickness of the walls of the right ventricle, the ventricular septum and the distances from the atrioventricular-apex (AV-A) and from the apex-pulmonary valve (A-PV).

Ebstein's Anomaly: anatomo-echocardiographic correlation.

Objective: The aim of this investigation is to demonstrate that in Ebstein's Anomaly (EA) the right ventricle (RV) is affected in its three portions and to establish an anatomoechocardiographic correlation between the anatomic features and the equivalent echocardiographic images.

Methods: Thirty hearts with EA were studied. The alterations of each portions of the RV were described.

[Atrial septal defect. A morphopathological and embryological study].

To contribute to a better understanding of the morphopathology of atrial septal defects (ASD), we describe and classify topographically a series of hearts obtained from necropsies. We performed an anatomo-embryological correlation to gain insight on the pathogenesis of this type of congenital heart disease. Seventy-one hearts with ASD and twenty-three normal hearts with patent foramen ovale from the collection at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia lgnacio Chavez were studied morphologically; segmental sequential analysis was used.

Aortic obstruction: anatomy and echocardiography.

Echocardiography is a valuable non-invasive technique for identifying the site and type of aortic obstruction. Knowledge of the morphological details of each type of obstruction is the basis for correct interpretation of the diagnostic images and clinical decisions. This study was undertaken to correlate the echocardiographic images with anatomic specimens of equivalent valvular and supravalvular aortic obstruction.

Atrial septal defect: anatomoechocardiographic correlation.

This study was undertaken to enhance understanding of the anatomic abnormalities involved in atrial septal defect (ASD) based on the anatomoechocardiographic comparison of equivalent specimens of ASD and the echocardiograms of patients with this anomaly. Of the 72 heart specimens, two had common atrioventricular canal (2.8%) and one had absence of right atrioventricular connection (1.

[Morphopathological study of 101 hearts with interventricular septal defect].

The various terms and classifications of ventricular septal defects (VSD) stimulated us to perform the present study with the purpose of adopting a common terminology and classification in which morphologic, topographic and surgical criteria concur. One hundred and one VSD where studied by means of the sequential segmental approach from the pathologic collection of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez". The ventricular septum (VS) was divided in four areas, three muscular (inlet, trabecular and outlet) and one perimembranous.

[Left superior vena cava and anomalies associated with it].

In order to assess the frequency of persistent left superior vena cava as well as the associated congenital heart disease, 66 hearts were studied from 1277 necropsies of the pathologic collection of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez". They were analyzed with the sequential segmental approach. It was determined: atrial situs types and modes of atrioventricular and ventricular arterial connections, morphology of the superior systemic venous return and associated cardiopathies.

[Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in transposition of the great arteries. Correlation between anatomic and echocardiographic findings].

Introduction And Objectives: Left ventricle outflow tract obstructions in transposition of the great arteries are frequent. We report the correlations between two-dimensional echocardiographic and autopsy findings to draw attention to the usefulness of this diagnostic method in the preoperative evaluation of these anomalies.

Material And Methods: Of 73 hearts with transposition of great arteries, 26 specimens (38%) with different types of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction were selected to establish the relationship between an anatomical substrate of obstruction and echocardiographic findings in equivalent hearts.

[Obstruction of outflow tracts in complete transposition of great arteries].

The obstructive lesions in the outflow tracts of hearts with complete transposition of the great arteries determine the clinical evolution, prognosis, and the selection of surgical procedures. Their knowledge is basic to interpret the imaging findings. From the pathologic specimens collection of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", seventy-tree hearts with this cardiopathy were studied morphologically with the sequential segmental system.