Lameness is a crucial problem in dairy farming. It worsens the welfare of cattle, reduces the milk yield, and causes economic losses. The etiology of lameness is varied and the cattle's condition may be infectious or non-infectious.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1)/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors are used for melanoma treatment. Unfortunately, patients treated with this combined therapy develop resistance to treatment quite quickly, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. Here, we report and characterize two melanoma cell lines (WM9 and Hs294T) resistant to BRAF (vemurafenib) and MEK (cobimetinib) inhibitors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInnovative approaches in nanotechnology provide a potentially promising alternative to untreatable cases of caused by genus spp. algae infections. Drying of the teats of the affected animals or culling are typically the outcomes of in dairy cattle caused by these pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: in dairy cows is a worldwide problem faced by dairy producers. Treatment mainly involves antibiotic therapy, however, due to widespread antibiotic resistance among bacteria, such treatments are no longer effective. For this reason, scientists are searching for new solutions to combat , which is caused by bacteria, fungi, and algae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMucosal melanoma (MM) is a very rare and aggressive type of cancer for which immunotherapy or targeted therapy such as BRAF/MEK inhibitors, used in cutaneous melanoma, usually fail. Due to our earlier experience showing the high effectiveness of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) inhibitors in reducing the activation of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, we aim to test whether these drugs would also be effective for mucosal melanoma. Cells representing two commercially available mucosal melanoma cell lines (GAK and HMVII) and one cell line obtained from a patient's vaginal melanoma were treated with MET or EGFR inhibitors, or combinations of these agents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMastitis prevention and treatment in dry cows are complex issues with limited solutions. The most common is intramammary antibiotic treatment. However, the effectiveness of this treatment varies among countries and even within herds in the same region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroenvironment of the melanoma consists of cellular elements like fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes as well as extracellular matrix and physicochemical conditions. In our previous research, we have established that melanoma influences strongly above mentioned cells present in the tumor niche and recruits them to support cancer progression. In this work, we evaluated the impact of cancer-associated cells, namely fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes (CAAs), and keratinocytes (CAKs) on melanoma proliferation, signaling pathways activation, metabolism as well as the effectiveness of used anti-cancer therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: One of the factors that affect the progression of melanoma is the tumor microenvironment, which consists of cellular elements, extracellular matrix, acidification, and a hypoxic state. Adipocytes are one of the types of cell present in the niche and are localized in the deepest layer of the skin. However, the relationship between fat cells and melanoma remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDigital dermatitis (DD) is the second most prevalent disease in dairy cattle. It causes significant losses for dairy breeders and negatively impacts cows' welfare and milk yield. Despite this, its etiology has not been entirely identified, and available data are limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis one of the most common issues for milk producers around the world. Antibiotic therapy is often ineffective, and therefore, scientists must find a new solution. The aim of this paper is to estimate the influence of common and well-known cosmetic substrates and mixtures of nanoparticles (NPs) and cosmetic substrates on the viability of frequently occurring mastitis pathogens, () and ().
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Keratinocytes constitute a major part of the melanoma microenvironment, considering their protective role towards melanocytes in physiological conditions. However, their interactions with tumor cells following melanomagenesis are still unclear.
Methods: We used two in vitro models (melanoma-conditioned media and indirect co-culture of keratinocytes with melanoma cells on Transwell inserts) to activate immortalized keratinocytes towards cancer-associated ones.
In mammalian cells, SLC35A2 delivers UDP-galactose for galactosylation reactions that take place predominantly in the Golgi lumen. Mutations in the corresponding gene cause a subtype of a congenital disorder of glycosylation (SLC35A2-CDG). Although more and more patients are diagnosed with SLC35A2-CDG, the link between defective galactosylation and disease symptoms is not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The tumor microenvironment consists of stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical properties (e.g., oxygenation, acidification).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMastitis is one of the most common diseases of high-yielding dairy cows, and over 90% of cases are caused by spp., , or spp. Certain groups of proteins are very significant in terms of the cow's antioxidant, bacteriostatic, and germicidal properties: lysozyme (Lz), lactoferrin (Lf), and β-lactoglobulin (BLG).
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