[Gene polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system components and the progression of chronic kidney diseases].

Unlabelled: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension as well as cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases. Among the most frequently studied RAAS gene polymorphisms are the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D), angiotensinogen M235T and angiotensin II receptor type 1 A1166C polymorphisms. A significant correlation was found between the I/D polymorphism and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates.

[The influence of selected cytokine gene polymorphisms on the occurrence of acute and chronic rejection and on kidney graft survival].

Genetically determined interindividual differences in the production of mediators of immune response may influence the outcomes of kidney transplantation. Of the cytokine gene polymorphisms that determine the level of gene expression, TNF-a -08G/A, IFN-g +874T/A and microsatellite (CA)n, TGF-b1 +869T/C and +915G/C, IL-6 -174G/C, and IL-10 -592C/A, -819C/T, and -1082G/A seem to have the strongest impact on graft survival. Increased risk of acute rejection (AR) was demonstrated for high-producing genotypes of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a and IFN-g, while the association with polymorphisms of TGF-b1 and IL-10 remains unclear.