Versatile Applications of Cyanobacteria in Biotechnology.

Cyanobacteria are blue-green Gram-negative and photosynthetic bacteria which are seen as one of the most morphologically numerous groups of prokaryotes. Because of their ability to fix gaseous nitrogen and carbon dioxide to organic materials, they are known to play important roles in the universal nutrient cycle. Cyanobacteria has emerged as one of the promising resources to combat the issues of global warming, disease outbreaks, nutrition insecurity, energy crises as well as persistent daily human population increases.

Phosphonates enantiomers receiving with fungal enzymatic systems.

Background: Phosphonates derivatives are in the area of interests because of their unique chemical-physical features. These compounds manifest variety of biological interactions within the sensitive living cells, including impact on particular enzymes activities. Biological "cause and effect" interactions are based upon the specific matching between the structures and/or compounds and this is usually the result of proper optical configurations of particular chiral moieties.

(S)-Thienyl and (R)-Pirydyl phosphonate Derivatives Synthesized by Stereoselective Resolution of Their Racemic Mixtures With (DSM 70403) - Scaling Approaches.

was successfully applied as a biocatalyst for the enantioselective resolution of the racemic mixtures of heteroatom phosphonates derivatives, resulting in receiving the following enantiomers: (S)-1-amino-1(2-thienyl)methylphosphonic acid (Product 1) and (R)-1-amino-1-(3'pirydyl) methylphosphonic acid (Product 2). Biological synthesis of both products is reported . Pure (S)-1-amino-1-(2-thienyl)methylphosphonic acid (Product 1) was isolated with a conversion degree of 50% after of biotransformation was conducted on a laboratory scale under moderate conditions (1.

Biogenic synthesis of silica nanoparticles from corn cobs husks. Dependence of the productivity on the method of raw material processing.

Corn processing generates thousands of tons of cob husks, which still contains many valuable elements. To make the most of these wastes, they are applied as substrates for biotransformation's procedures. This approach allowed converting or releasing, the elements deposited in the plant material and obtaining valuable products.

Carbon-Phosphorus Lyase-the State of the Art.

Organophosphonates are molecules that contain a very chemically stable carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond. Microorganisms can utilize phosphonates as potential source of crucial elements for their growth, as developed several pathways to metabolize these compounds. One among these pathways is catalyzed by C-P lyase complex, which has a broad substrate specifity; therefore, it has a wide application in degradation of herbicides deposited in the environment, such as glyphosate.

N-phosphonomethylglycine utilization by the psychrotolerant yeast Solicoccozyma terricola M 3.1.4.

Solicoccozyma terricola M 3.1.4.

Reductive capabilities of different cyanobacterial strains towards acetophenone as a model substrate - Prospect of applications for chiral building blocks synthesis.

Bioreductive capabilities of four morphologically different strains of cyanobacteria have been assessed in this work. Arthrospira maxima, Leptolyngbya foveolarum, Nodularia sphaerocarpa and Synechococcus bigranulatus were applied as catalysts for the reduction of acetophenone to the corresponding chiral phenylethyl alcohol. The process was modified regarding substrate concentration, duration of pre-cultivation period, duration of biotransformation, light regime and glucose addition to the culture media.

First biological conversion of chiral heterophosphonate derivative - Scaling and paths of conversion discussion.

Presented work describes the first approach for the biocatalytic resolution of racemic mixtures of heterophosphonate derivative. Penicillium funiculosum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa were successfully applied for the biological conversion of racemic mixture of 1-amino-1-(3'-pyridyl)methylphosphonic acid 3. Both microorganisms carried out the kinetically driven process leading to conversion of one from the substrate enantiomers, leaving the second one unreacted.

Nanosilica synthesis mediated by Aspergillus parasiticus strain.

Rice husks (RHs) are plant waste materials abundant in phytoliths silica bodies. These were used as starting material for fungal-mediated biotransformation leading to the synthesis of a high-value added product. A strain of Aspergillus parasiticus was capable of transforming the amorphous silica conglomerates into structured nanoparticles (NPs) in the process of RHs biotransformation.

Fungal synthesis of chiral phosphonic synthetic platform - Scope and limitations of the method.

Chiral hydroxyphosphonates due to their wide range of biological properties are industrially important chemicals. Chemical synthesis of their optical isomers is expensive, time consuming and not friendly to the environment, so biotransformations are under consideration. Among others, these compounds act as enzymes inhibitors.

Biodiversity in targeted metabolomics analysis of filamentous fungal pathogens by H NMR-based studies.

The taxonomical classification among fungi kingdom in the last decades was evolved. In this work the targeted metabolomics study based on H NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics tools was reported to be useful for differentiation of three model of fungal strains, which represent various genus of Ascomycota (Aspergillus pallidofulvus, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidum) were selected in order to perform metabolomics studies. Each tested species, revealed specific metabolic profile of primary endo-metabolites.

Metabolomics analysis of fungal biofilm development and of arachidonic acid-based quorum sensing mechanism.

The infections caused by filamentous fungi are becoming worldwide problem of healthcare systems due to increasing drug-resistance of this microorganism and increasing number of immunocompromised nosocomial patients. These infections are related with Aspergillus ability to form sessile communities referred to as the biofilms. The small compounds known as quorum sensing (QS) molecules allow this microorganism to coordinate all processes taking place during biofilm formation and maturation.

Lipases and whole cell biotransformations of 2-hydroxy-2-(ethoxyphenylphosphinyl)acetic acid and its ester.

A wide spectrum of commercially available lipases and microbial whole cells catalysts were tested for biotransformations of 2-hydroxy-2-(ethoxyphenylphosphinyl)acetic acid 1 and its butyryl ester. The best results were achieved for biocatalytic hydrolysis of ester: 2-butyryloxy-2-(ethoxyphenylphosphinyl)acetic acid 2 performed by lipase from Candida cylindracea, what gave optically active products with 85% enantiomeric excess, 50% conversion degree and enantioselectivity 32.9 for one pair of enantiomers.

Fungal platform for direct chiral phosphonic building blocks production. Closer look on conversion pathway.

The application of Rhodospirillum toruloides strain allowed resolving the chemically synthesized racemic mixtures of following chiral aminophosphonic acids: 1-aminoethylphosphonic acid (1), 1-amino-1-iso-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (2), 1-amino-1-phenylmethylphosphonic acid (4) and 1-amino-2-phenylethylphosphonic acid (3). The applied protocols resulted in obtaining pure (R)-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid (100 % of e.e.

Phosphate-independent utilization of phosphonoacetic acid as sole phosphorus source by a psychrophilic strain of Geomyces pannorum P15.

A psychrophilic fungal strain of Geomyces pannorum P15 was screened for its ability to utilize a range of synthetic and natural organophosphonate compounds as the sole source of phosphorus, nitrogen, or carbon. Only phosphonoacetic acid served as a phosphorus source for microbial growth in phosphate-independent manner. Substrate metabolism did not lead to extracellular release of inorganic phosphate.

Chiral phosphinate degradation by the fusarium species: scope and limitation of the process.

Biodegradable capacities of fungal strains of Fusarium oxysporum (DSMZ 2018) and Fusarium culmorum (DSMZ 1094) were tested towards racemic mixture of chiral 2-hydroxy-2-(ethoxyphenylphosphinyl) acetic acid-a compound with two stereogenic centres. The effectiveness of decomposition was dependent on external factors such as temperature and time of the process. Optimal conditions of complete mineralization were established.

2-Aminoethylphosphonate utilization by the cold-adapted Geomyces pannorum P11 strain.

Cold-adapted strain of Geomyces pannorum P11 was found to mineralize of phosphorus-carbon bond-containing compound--2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (2-AEP, ciliatine). The biodegradation process proceeded in the phosphate-independent manner. Ciliatine-metabolizing enzymes' activity was detectable in cell-free extracts prepared from psychrophilic G.

Comparative study of fungal cell disruption--scope and limitations of the methods.

Simple and effective protocols of cell wall disruption were elaborated for tested fungal strains: Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhodotorula gracilis. Several techniques of cell wall disintegration were studied, including ultrasound disintegration, homogenization in bead mill, application of chemicals of various types, and osmotic shock. The release of proteins from fungal cells and the activity of a cytosolic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in the crude extracts were assayed to determine and compare the efficacy of each method.

Biocatalytic resolution of enantiomeric mixtures of 1-aminoethanephosphonic acid.

Several fungal strains, namely Bauveria bassiana, Cuninghamella echinulata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium crustosum and Cladosporium herbarum, were used as biocatalysts to resolve racemic mixtures of 1-aminoethanephosphonic acid using L/D amino acid oxidase activity. The course of reaction was analyzed by 31P-NMR in the presence of cyclodextrin used as chiral discriminating agent. The best result (42% e.

Application of the Beauveria bassiana strain for the enantioselective oxidation of the diethyl 1-hydroxy-1-phenylmethanephosphonate.

Biotransformation of diethyl 1-hydroxy-1-phenylmethanephosphonate using fungi Beauveria bassiana allowed resolving the racemic mixture of the substrate and due to the biocatalyst and reaction conditions modifications, leading to desired optical isomer.

Phosphonoacetic acid utilization by fungal isolates: occurrence and properties of a phosphonoacetate hydrolase in some penicillia.

Among a collection of 18 fungal strains representing eight genera, only two strains (Penicillium oxalicum and P. minioluteum) were capable of growth on phosphonoacetic acid as sole phosphorous source. Enrichment liquid cultures in minimal medium with the compound as the only P-source selected four isolates, that were also identified as Penicillium spp.

Isolation and characterization of two new microbial strains capable of degradation of the naturally occurring organophosphonate - ciliatine.

Air-born mixed fungal and bacterial culture capable of complete degradation of ciliatine was isolated. The utilization of the natural organophosphonate proceeded in the phosphate independent manner. Enzymatic activity involved in ciliatine degradation studied in the fungal cell-free extract proved to be distinct from bacterial pathway described before.

A simple and green procedure for the microbial effective synthesis of 1-phenylethyl alcohol in both enantiomeric forms.

Both R- and S-phenylethyl alcohol of high enantiomeric purity (98%) and with a satisfactory yield (40-80%) were obtained by bioreduction of acetophenone, catalyzed by whole cells of baker's yeast.

Phosphonoacetate hydrolase from Penicillium oxalicum: purification and properties, phosphate starvation-independent expression, and partial sequencing.

The enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of phosphonoacetic acid, a non-biogenic C-P compound, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a wild-type strain of Penicillium oxalicum. A 50-fold enrichment was obtained by a combination of anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and MonoQ-fast protein liquid chromatography, with a yield of one-third of the initial activity. A characterization of the protein showed both similarities and differences with respect to the well-characterized bacterial counterpart.

A metal-independent hydrolase from a Penicillium oxalicum strain able to use phosphonoacetic acid as the only phosphorus source.

A Penicillium oxalicum strain was capable of the phosphate-sensitive utilization of phosphonoacetic acid as the sole source of phosphorus. A carbon-to-phosphorus bond-cleavage enzyme yielding acetic acid and inorganic phosphate was detected and characterized in extracts from cells grown on this phosphonate. Contrary to bacterial phosphonoacetate hydrolases, the fungal enzyme neither required nor was stimulated by divalent cations.